Cognitive changes in post-stroke depression patients undergoing treatment with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS): an exploratory, ancillary analysis of a randomized, sham-controlled clinical trial.

Objective: Post-stroke depression (PSD) affects approximately 40% of stroke survivors, with cognitive deficits being frequently observed. Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) has shown promise in improving cognitive performance in stroke patients. We explored the effects of tDCS on cognitive performance in PSD.

Occurrence and Antimicrobial Resistance in a Swine Slaughtering Process.

The swine production chain can be a reservoir of antimicrobial-resistant , which transfers resistance genes to other bacteria, serving as an important biomarker in the One Health approach. This study aimed to identify the frequency and antimicrobial resistance profile of in the swine production chain, assess the presence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL), and compare resistance profiles across different sample types. A total of 622 samples of swine carcasses from various points of the slaughter process (n = 400), swine feces (n = 100), commercial cuts (n = 45), environment (n = 67), and feces from employees (n = 10) of a pig slaughterhouse certified by the Federal Inspection Service, located in São Paulo state, Brazil, were collected.

Characterization of microbial ecology, Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella sp. on equipment and utensil surfaces in Brazilian poultry, pork, and dairy industries.

This study aimed to evaluate the level of counting by indicator microorganisms, identify the microbial ecology, detect Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella sp., and determine the presence of virulence genes and biofilm formation. A total of 480 samples were collected from the surfaces of the equipment and utensils using sterile swabs for the detection of L.

APOBEC3A/B Polymorphism Is Not Associated with Human Papillomavirus Infection and Cervical Carcinogenesis.

The persistence of a high-risk (HPV-HR) infection of the cervix results in different manifestations of lesions depending on the immunologic capacity of the host. Variations in apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide (APOBEC)-like genes, such as the APOBEC3A/B deletion hybrid polymorphism (A3A/B), may contribute to cervical malignancy in the presence of HPV. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the A3A/B polymorphism and HPV infection and the development of cervical intraepithelial lesions and cervical cancer in Brazilian women.

SARS CoV-2 seroprevalence and diagnostic accuracy during a COVID-19 outbreak in a major penitentiary complex in Brazil, June to July 2020.

Purpose: This study aims to estimate the overall SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and evaluate the accuracy of an antibody rapid test compared to a reference serological assay during a COVID-19 outbreak in a prison complex housing over 13,000 prisoners in Brasília.

Design/methodology/approach: The authors obtained a randomized, stratified representative sample of each prison unit and conducted a repeated serosurvey among prisoners between June and July 2020, using a lateral-flow immunochromatographic assay (LFIA). Samples were also retested using a chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay (CLIA) to compare SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and 21-days incidence, as well as to estimate the overall infection fatality rate (IFR) and determine the diagnostic accuracy of the LFIA test.

Teaching of the Black Population's Health: Anti-Racist Lenses for a Paradigm Shift to Address Racial Inequities.

Health (and its dialectical pair-illness) is determined by multiple factors: social class, educational background, income, occupation, and race/skin color. Racism can directly impact physical and psychological illnesses, with an effect on social conditions of health. This paper discusses: (1) racism as a root cause of health inequities in Brazil and elsewhere, and (2) how students at the University of Brasilia School of Medicine respond to an anti-racist curriculum.

Do Ethics and Values Play a Role in Virtual Education? A Study on the Perception of Students and Teachers.

Unlabelled: Learning in virtual environments is an ethical experience. This research aimed to understand the ethical experience of a virtual learning environment from the perspective of university students and their teachers. The participants were 205 higher education students from different Spanish-speaking countries (Colombia, Argentina, Mexico, Ecuador, and Spain) and 30 teachers who acted as tutors in virtual education.

Diet Supplementation with Madagascar Cockroach Flour (Gromphadorhina portentosa) Improved Malnourished Mice Metabolism and Ameliorated Liver Inflammatory Markers.

Background: Malnutrition and accessible high-quality protein food sources are two of the world's alimentary challenges. Edible insects are nowadays recognized as a possible functional food solution with lower environmental impacts and beneficial health effects.

Objective: In this context, the aim of the present study is to evaluate Madagascar cockroach (Gromphadorhina portentosa) flour supplementation effects on a malnourished mice model, considering its effects on metabolism, adiposity, and inflammatory liver profiles.

The Use of Textiles in the Wound Healing: A Review.

The present article reviews the effects of the textile in the wound healing process, as well as the availability of these products in the market. A brief description of applications is given based on the literature obtained from searching the scientific databases, besides the data obtained from secondary sources, like books and congress proceedings. The historical context of the textiles used in wounds, their general characteristics, particularities in the healing process, and incorporation of new technologies are discussed.

Oral Angiotensin-(1-7) Peptide Modulates Intestinal Microbiota Improving Metabolic Profile in Obese Mice.

Background: Obesity is a serious health problem that dysregulate Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS) and intestinal microbiota.

Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate the Angiotensin-(1-7) [ANG-(1-7)] oral formulation effects on obese mice intestinal microbiota.

Methods: Mice were divided into four groups: obese and non-obese treated with ANG-(1-7) and obese and non-obese without ANG-(1-7) during four weeks.

Pregnancy and lactation after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass worsen nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in obese rats and lead to differential programming of hepatic lipogenesis in offspring.

Maternal obesity increases the risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in offspring. The Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYBG) is effective for achieving weight loss and ameliorates NAFLD. To determine whether these benefits are maintained after pregnancy and/or lactation, and whether they modulate hepatic morphofunction in the next generation, we evaluated hepatic lipid metabolism in Western diet (WD)-obese female rats that underwent RYGB and in their F1 offspring at adulthood.

Inferring Adaptive Codon Preference to Understand Sources of Selection Shaping Codon Usage Bias.

Alternative synonymous codons are often used at unequal frequencies. Classically, studies of such codon usage bias (CUB) attempted to separate the impact of neutral from selective forces by assuming that deviations from a predicted neutral equilibrium capture selection. However, GC-biased gene conversion (gBGC) can also cause deviation from a neutral null.

SARS-CoV-2 among inmates aged over 60 during a COVID-19 outbreak in a penitentiary complex in Brazil: Positive health outcomes despite high prevalence.

Objectives: To assess SARS-CoV-2 prevalence and health outcomes among inmates over 60 years during a COVID-19 outbreak in a major penitentiary complex in the Federal District, Brazil.

Methods: A mass test campaign was performed on May 13, 2020, using antibody-detection rapid tests for asymptomatic inmates and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction testing for those who were symptomatic. Those with negative results were retested on June 16.

Acute oral treatment with resveratrol and Lactococcus Lactis Subsp. Lactis decrease body weight and improve liver proinflammatory markers in C57BL/6 mice.

The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of resveratrol, a nutraceutical polyphenol, and Lactococcus lactis (bacteria probiotic), on metabolic parameters and hepatic proinflammatory markers expression. C57BL/6 mice were divided into 4 groups: Standard (ST), Lactococcus lactis (LL), Resveratrol (RSV), and Lactococcus lactis plus resveratrol (LL + RSV). Lactococcus lactis and resveratrol were administered by orogastric gavage.

Number of dental abutments influencing the biomechanical behavior of tooth‒implant-supported fixed partial dentures: A finite element analysis.

Local or systemic issues might prevent installing a sufficient number of dental implants for fixed prosthetic rehabilitation. Splinting dental implants and natural teeth in fixed dentures could overcome such limitations. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the influence of the number of dental abutments in the biomechanics of tooth‒implant-supported fixed partial dentures (FPDs).

Plant Terpenes on Treating Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease: A Review.

The use of medicinal plants as a therapy alternative is old as human existence itself. Nowadays, the search for effective molecules for chronic diseases treatments has increased. The cardiometabolic disorders still the main cause of death worldwide and plants may offer potential pharmacological innovative approaches to treat and prevent diseases.

Hepatotoxic Effect of Lafoensia pacari A. St. Hil. (Lythraceae) on a Diet-Induced Obese Mice Model.

Background: Brazilian flora is rich in plants with medicinal properties, which though popular, has contributed to the development of a range of phytotherapic products that use plants to treat and cure diseases. However, studies that use Brazilian plants in the treatment of metabolic disorders are still scarce in the literature.

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of hepatotoxicity Lafoensia pacari on the metabolism of mice with obesity induced by a high-fat diet and to verify the phytochemical difference between the Lafoensia pacari bark of the trunk, leaves, and branches.

COVID-19 Outbreak in a Large Penitentiary Complex, April-June 2020, Brazil.

An outbreak of coronavirus disease began in a large penitentiary complex in Brazil on April 1, 2020. By June 12, there were 1,057 confirmed cases among inmates and staff. Nine patients were hospitalized, and 3 died.

The influence of ABO blood groups on COVID-19 susceptibility and severity: A molecular hypothesis based on carbohydrate-carbohydrate interactions.

The world is experiencing one of the most difficult moments in history with the COVID-19 pandemic, a disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, a new type of coronavirus. Virus infectivity is mediated by the binding of Spike transmembrane glycoprotein to specific protein receptors present on cell host surface. Spike is a homotrimer that emerges from the virion, each monomer containing two subunits named S1 and S2, which are related to cell recognition and membrane fusion, respectively.

Oral Probiotic Bifidobacterium Longum Supplementation Improves Metabolic Parameters and Alters the Expression of the Renin-Angiotensin System in Obese Mice Liver.

Background: Obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) have been increasing at an alarming rate worldwide. (BL), a common member of the human gut microbiota, has important health benefits through several mechanisms.

Objectives: We evaluated the BL supplementation effects on body metabolism and renin-angiotensin components hepatic expression in mice fed a high-fat diet.

Genetic deletion of the angiotensin-(1-7) receptor Mas leads to alterations in gut villi length modulating TLR4/PI3K/AKT and produces microbiome dysbiosis.

Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS) is an important peptide cascade involved in physiological processes. RAS homeostasis disruption produces several cardiovascular and metabolic disorders, such as arterial hypertension, atherosclerosis, acute myocardial infarct, obesity, diabetes, metabolic syndrome and increases gastrointestinal tract (GIT) cell proliferation. Angiotensin (Ang)-(1-7) peptide is the main RAS counter-regulatory axis effector.

Alcohol use and risk of vehicle accidents: cross-sectional study in the city of São Paulo, Brazil.

Background: Harm to other people caused by an individual under the influence of alcohol (UIA) can occur in a variety of relationship situations between the drinker and these other people.

Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of the risk of vehicle accidents (RVA) involving people who are UIA, according to sociodemographic variables, respondent alcohol use and gender.

Design And Setting: Cross-sectional study, in which a household survey was carried out on a cluster-stratified representative sample of urban residents in the city of São Paulo.