Children treated for medulloblastoma and supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumor in Norway from 1974 through 2013: Unexplainable regional differences in survival.

Background: A previous study based on Norwegian Cancer Registry data suggested regional differences in overall survival (OS) after treatment for medulloblastoma (MB) and supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumor (CNS-PNET) in Norway. The purpose of the present study was to confirm in an extended cohort whether there were regional differences in outcome or not, and if so try to identify possible explanations.

Material And Methods: Data from patients aged 0-20 years diagnosed with and treated for MB/CNS-PNET at all four university hospitals in Norway from 1974 to 2013 were collected and compared.

Incidental Intracranial Findings and Their Clinical Impact; The HUNT MRI Study in a General Population of 1006 Participants between 50-66 Years.

Objectives: Evaluate types and prevalence of all, incidental, and clinically relevant incidental intracranial findings, i.e. those referred to primary physician or clinical specialist, in a cohort between 50 and 66 years from the Nord-Trøndelag Health (HUNT) study.

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in an immunocompetent patient?

Background: Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a rapidly progressive, potentially fatal, demyelinating disease affecting immunosuppressed patients. PML is rarely reported in cases with no underlying disease or immunosuppression-associated condition.

Case Report: We present a 72-year-old previously healthy woman who developed a progressive neurological condition affecting the entire nervous system which led to her death within 5 months.

Unruptured intracranial aneurysms in the Norwegian Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT): risk of rupture calculated from data in a population-based cohort study.

Background: Rupture risk of unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs) has been investigated in studies observing the natural history of this condition. Such studies have been prone to selection bias that may influence the results.

Objective: To calculate the overall rupture risk from data on the prevalence of UIA, which constitutes the population at risk, and the incidence of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) in the same population.

A longitudinal MRI study of traumatic axonal injury in patients with moderate and severe traumatic brain injury.

Objective: To study the evolution of traumatic axonal injury (TAI) detected by structural MRI in patients with moderate and severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) during the first year and relate findings to outcome.

Methods: 58 patients with TBI (Glasgow Coma Scale score 3-13) were examined with MRI at a median of 7 days, 3 months and 12 months post injury. TAI lesions were evaluated blinded and categorised into three stages based on location: hemispheres, corpus callosum and brainstem.

Leukoencephalopathy with brainstem and spinal cord involvement caused by a novel mutation in the DARS2 gene.

Leukoencephalopathy with brainstem and spinal cord involvement and elevated lactate (LBSL) is a rare, autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the gene encoding a mitochondrial aspartyl-tRNA synthetase, DARS2. The disease is characterized by progressive spastic ataxia and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) shows a highly characteristic leukoencephalopathy with multiple long tract involvement. We describe the clinical and radiological features of two new cases of LBSL and report a novel pathogenic mutation in the DARS2 gene.

Prognostic value of pretreatment dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging in breast cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy: overall survival predicted from combined time course and volume analysis.

Background: The prognostic value of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) in breast cancer has been explored, and the results are promising.

Purpose: To investigate the possible correlation between pretreatment DCE-MRI and overall survival 5 years after diagnosis in breast cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) using combined time course analysis and volume measurement from DCE-MRI data acquired with 1 min temporal resolution.

Material And Methods: Pretreatment DCE-MR images of 32 female patients were examined.

Congenital tumors of the central nervous system.

Congenital tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) are often arbitrarily divided into "definitely congenital" (present or producing symptoms at birth), "probably congenital" (present or producing symptoms within the first week of life), and "possibly congenital" (present or producing symptoms within the first 6 months of life). They represent less than 2% of all childhood brain tumors. The clinical features of newborns include an enlarged head circumference, associated hydrocephalus, and asymmetric skull growth.

Predicting survival and early clinical response to primary chemotherapy for patients with locally advanced breast cancer using DCE-MRI.

Purpose: To evaluate dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) as a tool for early prediction of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) and 5-year survival in patients with locally advanced breast cancer.

Materials And Methods: DCE-MRI was performed in patients scheduled for NAC (n = 24) before and after the first treatment cycle. Clinical response was evaluated after completed NAC.

Quantification of breast tumor microvascular permeability with feruglose-enhanced MR imaging: initial phase II multicenter trial.

Purpose: To investigate use of the macromolecular contrast agent feruglose for differentiating and grading of human benign and malignant breast tumors on the basis of their microvascular characteristics.

Materials And Methods: Sixty-three women with 63 primary breast lesions were examined with dynamic T1-weighted gradient-echo magnetic resonance (MR) imaging after intravenous injection of feruglose. A two-compartment unidirectional kinetic model applied to the dynamic data yielded estimates of the endothelial transfer coefficient, KPS, and the fractional plasma volume of the tumors.