Insufficient Physical Fitness and Deficits in Basic Eating Habits in Normal-Weight Obese Children Are Apparent from Pre-School Age or Sooner.

Normal-weight obesity appears to be an extended diagnosis/syndrome associated with insufficient physical fitness levels and inadequate eating habits at least from school years. However, its relation to long term health parameters in pre-school children remains unknown, even though pre-school age is crucial for the determining healthy lifelong habits. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to investigate the differences in physical fitness level and basic eating habits between normal-weight obese, normal-weight non-obese, and overweight and obese preschoolers.

Secular Changes in Body Build and Body Composition in Czech Preschool Children in the Context of Latent Obesity.

Changes in lifestyle can be significantly reflected in growth and development. Adaptations to reduced levels of physical activity, together with non-corresponding nutritional intakes, can result in body build and body composition changes at an early age. The present cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the secular trend of modifications of body composition and body mass index (BMI) in Czech preschoolers over the last two to three decades.

Poor Skeletal Robustness on Lower Extremities and Weak Lean Mass Development on Upper Arm and Calf: Normal Weight Obesity in Middle-School-Aged Children (9 to 12).

Normal weight obesity in children has been associated with excessive body fat, lower bone density and decreased total lean mass. However, no studies have been done into whether normal weight obese children differ in skeletal robustness or lean mass development on the extremities from normal weight non-obese, overweight, and obese peers although these are important indicators of healthy development of children. Body height, body weight, BMI, four skinfolds, and two limb circumferences were assessed.

Secular Changes of Adiposity in Czech Children Aged from 3 to 6 Years: Latent Obesity in Preschool Age.

BMI, skinfold thickness, and circumferential measures were assessed in groups of normal healthy Czech boys ( = 1764) and girls ( = 1762) 3-6 years of age in the late 1950s and 1960s (sample C), in the 1990s (sample B), and in 2014-2016 (sample A). During these decades BMI has not changed significantly, and in selected groups (boys 3, 5, and 6, girls 3 and 6 years) it was most recently found to be significantly lower ( ≤ 0.05).

Secular Changes of Adiposity and Motor Development in Czech Preschool Children: Lifestyle Changes in Fifty-Five Year Retrospective Study.

Secular trends of adiposity and motor development in preschool children since the fifties of the last century up to the beginning of this millennium were analyzed so as to reveal possible changes due to continuously differentiating lifestyle. In preschool children (n = 3678) height, weight, skinfold thickness over triceps, subscapular, and suprailiac were measured by Harpenden caliper in 1957, 1977, 1980, 1985, 1990, and 2012. Simultaneously, motor performance was tested by evaluating the achievements in broad jump and throwing a ball, as a marker of adaptation to changing level of physical activity, free games, and exercise.

[Overweight, obesity and underweight prevalence in 7-year-old children in the Czech Republic since 1951].

Background: Childhood overweight prevalence increases worldwide. The aim of the study was to clarify the change in underweight, overweight and obesity in seven year old Czech children since 1951.

Methods: Data on underweight, overweight and obesity prevalence were obtained using repeated cross-sectional surveys.

From an inactive and obese to a fit child: how long is the way? Czech experiences.

To achieve a higher level of overall fitness and to prevent obesity with accompanying comorbidities requires life-long effort starting early in life during the prenatal period. A sufficiently intense, regular, and ongoing physical activity regime and adequate exercise are indispensable, along with monitored diet. Once acquired, a desirable level of body composition and functional capacity can be lost relatively quickly due to regime interruption.

[Relation between dietary and physical activity patterns and obesity in seven year old children--current situation--WHO study].

Background: Childhood obesity is a global health problem. For monitoring of trends in obesity prevalence and comparison between countries standardized methods are necessary. WHO/Europe launched the "Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative" project in 2006 aiming to monitor childhood obesity and associated factors in European countries.

Impact of education on food behaviour, body composition and physical fitness in children.

The increasing prevalence of obesity during growth and development is significantly related to the education of children, and also to that of parents who influence food intake and physical activity from the beginning of life. The effect of maternal level of education has been shown in regular anthropometric surveys in 10-year intervals since 1951. This concerns the mother's own nutrition and physical activity regimen as well as the child's nutrition since birth, including the duration of breast-feeding.

Development of centrality indices of subcutaneous fat during growth.

Changes of fat distribution were followed up in Czech and Slovak children from 1.5 to 15 years of age, using centrality indices, which relate the values of skinfolds on the trunk to the skinfolds on the extremities, head and neck. Up to 5 years of age, subcutaneous fat was deposited relatively more on the extremities, head and neck than on the trunk, which was expressed by lower values of the centrality indices.

Influence of vitamin A consumption on resting metabolic rate and fasting respiratory quotient in severely obese subjects.

Objective: To study whether or not the amount of vitamin A consumed affects the resting metabolic rate (RMR) and fat oxidation at rest in severely obese subjects.

Materials And Methods: In 239 obese subjects, RMR and fasting respiratory quotient (RQ) were determined by indirect calorimetry. Vitamin A consumption was calculated by the Czech PC program 'Nutrition'.

Assessment of dietary and genetic factors influencing serum and adipose fatty acid composition in obese female identical twins.

Fourteen pairs of obese female monozygotic twins were recruited for a study of genetic influences on serum and adipose fatty acid (FA) composition. Following 1 wk of inpatient stabilization, fasting serum and adipose tissue obtained by surgical excision were analyzed by thin-layer and gas chromatography. Intrapair resemblances (IPR) for individual FA were assessed by Spearman rank correlation and by analysis of variance and were found in serum cholesteryl esters (CF), triglycerides (TG), and adipose TG.