Imunological aspects of kidney retransplantation.

The number of patients on the waiting list for a kidney retransplant has increased. Patients who are candidates for a second kidney transplant often have higher levels of PRA (Panel of Reactive Antibodies). The previous failed kidney transplant is one of the main factors that leads to the production of antibodies against human leukocyte antigens ‒ HLA.

Expression of individual members of the TGF-β/SMAD signalling pathway in the progression and survival of patients with colorectal carcinoma.

Current knowledge of tumor biology offers many "targets" for therapeutic intervention. The molecular basis of many processes that play a role in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer has been identified. One part of colorectal cancer clinical trials is focused on testing substances in a group of patients with tumors in which the TGF-β signalling pathway is hyperactivated.

Risk factors for post-ERCP complications.

Background: In the 21st century, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) has emerged as a diagnostic and therapeutic method for diseases of the pancreaticobiliary duct system. However, like any other diagnostic and therapeutic method, ERCP carries the risk of unwanted complications.

Material And Methods: We retrospectively followed patients who underwent ERCP examinations from January 2013 to April 2023.

Postoperative complications associated with anterior cervical discectomy and three years follow-up.

Introduction: Anterior cervical discectomy (ACD) is used in the surgical treatment of cervical degenerative disc disease (DDD). Besides the low incidence of postoperative complications, they can affect the postoperative course for patients.

Material And Methods: From January 2015 to December 2019, 789 cervical DDD patients with ACD were investigated.

The Role of Surgery in Chronic Pancreatitis.

Chronic pancreatitis is an inflammatory disease characterized by the progressive replacement of the functional pancreatic parenchyma with fibrotic tissue. This leads to exocrine and endocrine insufficiency. A typical clinical feature is recurrent, severe upper abdominal pain, which negatively affects the patient's quality of life.

Use of hepatocyte transplantation after extensive liver resections in experiment.

he aim of our research is to prove, that the transplanted hepatocytes can survive and compensate for inadequate liver function in experimental animals. Thesis discusses the basic principles of hepatocyte transplantations, the process of their adaptation and effect on the organism as well as possibilities of their further use as a promising treatment method.In the experiment we used hepatocytes isolated and produced from explanted livers of laboratory rats.

A single-centre report of acute pyelonephritis in a patient after kidney transplantation - analyses of risk factors.

Background: Urinary tract infections (UTI) are the most common infectious complications after kidney transplantation (KTx) with highest incidence in the first three months of transplantation. UTI in transplant recipients increase morbidity and mortality, risk of graft failure and incidence of acute rejection episodes. According to published data, urinary tract infections significantly affect graft survival.

Stage-Dependent Levels of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 in the Prognosis of Colorectal Cancer.

Purpose: The development of sensitive and non-invasive biomarkers for the early detection of CRC and determination of their role in the individual stages of CRC.

Methods: MMP-9 expression in serum and tissue, and BDNF expression in plasma were detected using the ELISA method. MMP-9 and BDNF in the tissue were also determined by immunohistochemical staining.

Regulation of transforming growth factor-β signaling as a therapeutic approach to treating colorectal cancer.

According to data from 2020, Slovakia has long been among the top five countries with the highest incidence rate of colorectal cancer (CRC) worldwide, and the rate is continuing to rise every year. In approximately 80% of CRC cases, allelic loss (loss of heterozygosity, LOH) occurs in the long arm of chromosome 18q. The most important genes that can be silenced by 18q LOH or mutations are small mothers against decapentaplegic homolog (SMAD) 2 and SMAD4, which are intracellular mediators of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β superfamily signals.

[Non-traumatic arteriovenous malformation of the spleen with fatal hemorrhage].

From the medical point of view, splenic rupture developed either as a result of traumatic injury or as a result of any type of splenic disease represents a very severe and life-threatening condition. We describe the case of a 65-year old man without any obvious traumatic injury who was hospitalised because of left abdominal pain. Investigations performed at admission to the hospital (RTG, USG) failed to indicate any signs of intraabdominal bleeding.

[Traumatic pseudoaneurysm of descendent thoracic aorta solved by aortal stentgraft repair followed by development of fatal aortoesophageal fistula].

Traumatic pseudoaneurysms are relatively frequently mentioned in textbooks of pathology and forensic medicine but their incidence in pathological reports is seldom documented. Our described case presented a patient who suffered from chronic alcoholism and who was repeatedly hospitalised because of various injuries including epidural and subdural hematomas. We present a case of a 69-year-old man who was hospitalised after nonspecific blunt chest injury with chest pain and dysphagia.

Mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Diabetes mellitus type 1 is a form of diabetes mellitus that results from the autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. The current gold standard therapy for pancreas transplantation has limitations because of the long list of waiting patients and the limited supply of donor pancreas. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), a relatively new potential therapy in various fields, have already made their mark in the young field of regenerative medicine.

Sigmoidal polyp with adenocarcinoma discovered by transvaginal three-dimensional ultrasonographic virtual colonoscopy.

Adenocarcinoma of the colon represents the third most frequent cause of death from cancer, being surpassed only by lung and stomach cancer. Early screening and diagnosis of polyps are important for a good prognosis. Based on a clinical case, a novel approach is presented for screening of sigmoidal polyps and neoplasia using transvaginal 2D, 3D mode in women.

Obesity as a risk factor for severe acute pancreatitis patients.

Background: Obesity plays an important role in increasing the risks of cardiovascular diseases, metabolic diseases, and death. Controversy persists concerning the degrees to which obesity influences mortality and morbidity in severe acute pancreatitis.

Materials And Methods: Between 2008 and 2012, the findings of 384 consecutive acute pancreatitis patients were analyzed in a prospective trial.

Intrapancreatic accessory spleen. A case report and review of literature.

Context: Accessory spleen is a congenital focus of healthy splenic tissue that is separated from the main body of spleen. Although an accessory spleen usually appears as an isolated asymptomatic abnormality, it may have clinical significance in some situations.

Case Report: We report the case of 53-year-old woman with a 2-year history of upper abdominal discomfort after meals and weight loss.

Impact of different pancreatic microenvironments on improvement in hyperglycemia and insulin deficiency in diabetic rats after transplantation of allogeneic mesenchymal stromal cells.

Background: Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in the pancreatic microenvironment can improve diabetes mellitus (DM). The aim of the present study was to determine whether different pancreatic microenvironments influence the improvement of hyperglycemia and insulin deficiency.

Methods: MSCs isolated from rat bone marrow were transplanted directly into different pancreatic microenvironments in male DM rats.

[Current alternatives in the surgical treatment of chronic pancreatitis--a review article].

Chronic pancreatitis is characterized as an inflammatory process affecting the pancreas that causes progressive destruction of the gland and fibrosis, with subsequent endocrine and exocrine insufficiency. The most common cause of chronic pancreatitis is alcohol use in combination with nicotine. Manifestations are persistent or recurrent painful attacks.

Perioperative and follow-up results in chronic pancreatitis patients after pancreatic resection.

Background/aim: Surgical therapy for chronic pancreatitis is reserved for patients with intractable abdominal pain, complications of the disease, or suspected underlying carcinoma. Pancreatic resection can be performed safety with good postoperative results.

Methods: Between January 1996 and December 2009, the findings for 90 consecutive patients suffering from chronic pancreatitis were analyzed in prospective trial.

Postoperative complications and survival rates for pancreatic cancer patients.

Background/aims: Surgical resection offers the only potential cure for pancreatic tumor. The goal of the present study is to determine complications associated with pancreatic resection and to describe their influence on the survival rate for pancreatic cancer patients.

Materials And Methods: Between 1996 and 2009, the findings of 125 pancreatic cancer patients were analyzed in a prospective trial at the First Department of Surgery, University Hospital in Košice, Slovakia.