The Management of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant in People with HIV.

Hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) is now recognized as a standard treatment option for people with HIV (PWH) who develop high-risk hematologic malignancies. However, the involved polypharmacy can lead to complications from drug interactions and toxicities, affecting the efficacy and safety of chemotherapy and antiretroviral therapy (ART). Managing these patients requires a personalized approach, including the careful selection of ART based on previous therapies and potential interactions, alongside risk assessment for infections.

Implementation and outcomes of beta-lactam allergy management protocol at a comprehensive cancer center.

Purpose: Beta-lactam allergy (BLA) is associated with increased broad-spectrum antibiotic (Br-ABX) use and worse clinical outcomes. We evaluated our hospital-wide BLA protocol (BLA-P) that used following categories: intolerance, low-risk, and high-risk.

Methods: Hospitalized adult patients with listed BLA during 10/2021-12/2022 were eligible.

Letermovir and maribavir for pan-resistant cytomegalovirus infection in a patient with haematologic malignancy: Consideration for combination therapy.

What Is Known And Objective: Management of pan-resistant cytomegalovirus infection (CMVi) requires a multifaceted approach, including host defence optimization by reducing immunosuppression, and standard or experimental antiviral therapy.

Case Description: A 36-year-old man with anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-negative anaplastic large cell lymphoma, who underwent allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplant (alloHCT) with resultant graft-versus-host disease treated with immunosuppressive therapy, developed pan-resistant CMVi. He was successfully treated with combination therapy of maribavir and letermovir.

Ibalizumab-uiyk as a bridge therapy for a patient with drug-resistant HIV-1 infection receiving chemotherapy: A case report.

What Is Known And Objective: Treatment for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) in persons with AIDS consists of chemotherapy alongside antiretroviral therapy (ART). To determine optimal HIV treatment, drug-drug interactions, toxic effects and ART resistance must be considered.

Case Description: A 40-year-old man with drug-resistant HIV and DLBCL initiating chemotherapy which had drug interactions with his ART.

Nosocomial Infections: A History of Hospital-Acquired Infections.

In the United States, healthcare acquired infections (HAIs) or nosocomial infections are the sixth leading cause of death. This article reviews the history, prevalence, economic costs, morbidity and mortality, and risk factors associated with HAIs. Types of infections described include bacterial, fungal, viral, and multidrug resistant infections that contribute to the most common causes of HAIs, which include catheter- associated urinary tract infections, hospital-acquired pneumonias, bloodstream infections, and surgical site infections.

Cost analysis of ganciclovir and foscarnet in recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant with cytomegalovirus viremia.

Background: Ganciclovir (GCV) and foscarnet (FOS) are the most commonly used antivirals for preemptive treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV) viremia in recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (alloHCT). The current literature indicates similar efficacy between these agents. Thus, the primary consideration for choice of initial anti-CMV treatment is the safety profile, time period after alloHCT, and concern of myelosuppression or renal dysfunction.

Endocarditis following Consumption of Cereal Associated with Subtype Mbandaka Outbreak.

A 69-year-old immunocompromised man developed mitral valve endocarditis due to serotype Mbandaka, contracted from the cereal outbreak. The patient had a history of HLA-matched related hematopoietic stem cell transplant with persistent graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). This case report discusses prior international outbreaks that occurred due to subtype Mbandaka, the risks of developing endovascular infections from salmonellosis, and persistent infections that may develop more frequently with serotype Mbandaka.

Histoplasmosis complicating tumor necrosis factor-α blocker therapy: a retrospective analysis of 98 cases.

Background: Histoplasmosis may complicate tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α blocker therapy. Published case series provide limited guidance on disease management. We sought to determine the need for long-term antifungal therapy and the safety of resuming TNF-α blocker therapy after successful treatment of histoplasmosis.