Multifaceted activity of cytokinin in leaf development shapes its size and structure in Arabidopsis.

The phytohormone cytokinin has been shown to affect many aspects of plant development ranging from the regulation of the shoot apical meristem to leaf senescence. However, some studies have reported contradictory effects of cytokinin on leaf physiology. Therefore cytokinin treatments cause both chlorosis and increased greening and both lead to decrease or increase in cell size.

Full-Field Calcium K-Edge X-ray Absorption Near-Edge Structure Spectroscopy on Cortical Bone at the Micron-Scale: Polarization Effects Reveal Mineral Orientation.

Here, we show results on X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy in both transmission and X-ray fluorescence full-field mode (FF-XANES) at the calcium K-edge on human bone tissue in healthy and diseased conditions and for different tissue maturation stages. We observe that the dominating spectral differences originating from different tissue regions, which are well pronounced in the white line and postedge structures are associated with polarization effects. These polarization effects dominate the spectral variance and must be well understood and modeled before analyzing the very subtle spectral variations related to the bone tissue variations itself.

Comparative analysis of proteomic changes in contrasting flax cultivars upon cadmium exposure.

Cadmium (Cd) is classified as a serious pollutant due to its high toxicity, high carcinogenicity, and widespread presence in the environment. Phytoremediation represents an effective low-cost approach for removing pollutants from contaminated soils, and a crop with significant phytoremediation potential is flax. However, significant differences in Cd accumulation and tolerance were previously found among commercial flax cultivars.