Recovery of Li(NiMnCo)O₂ from Lithium-Ion Battery Cathodes: Aspects of Degradation.

Nickel⁻manganese⁻cobalt oxides, with LiNiMnCoO₂ (NMC) as the most prominent compound, are state-of-the-art cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles. The growing market for electro mobility has led to a growing global demand for Li, Co, Ni, and Mn, making spent lithium-ion batteries a valuable secondary resource. Going forward, energy- and resource-inefficient pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical recycling strategies must be avoided.