Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol
January 2025
In a 2022 consultation, the UK public highlighted the need to disseminate trial results to participants. We assess whether the information provided to trial participants in publicly available participant information sheets (PISs) of trials conducted in the UK is helpful for future trials. This cross-sectional study is based on a search conducted on 18 August 2023 on ClinicalTrials.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMC Med
December 2024
Background: Pregnancy is a complex biological process and serious complications can arise when the delicate balance between the maternal and semi-allogeneic fetal immune systems is disrupted or challenged. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), pre-eclampsia, preterm birth, and low birth weight pose serious threats to maternal and fetal health. Identification of early biomarkers through an in-depth understanding of molecular mechanisms is critical for early intervention.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: As populations age in the Western world, interventions aiming for 'aging in place', such as reablement, have gained prominence. Reablement programs have focused on enabling older people to maintain independence in their home environment. However, while a growing body of research points to the considerable benefits of engaging in outdoor environments, reablement rarely addresses outdoor activities.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFContext: Insulin resistance (IR) is a key factor in the development of cardiometabolic diseases. While genetic risk scores (GRSs) for IR have been developed and validated in adult population, it is unclear if they can be used for risk assessment in youth.
Objective: Our objective was to investigate whether adult-derived genetic risk scores (GRSs) for insulin resistance (IR) associate with cardiometabolic traits in children and adolescents.
The aim of this study was to develop an alternative strategy to sufficiently increase the lipophilicity of anionic model macromolecules (MM) without the use of cationic counterions. Enoxaparin (ENO), insulin (INS) and poly-L-glutamic acid (PLG) were ion paired with anionic surfactants (sodium decanoate (DEC), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), sodium stearate (SS) and sodium octadecyl sulfate (SOS)), mediated by divalent cations such as magnesium, calcium and zinc. Complexes were evaluated regarding their precipitation efficiency and logD.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Web-based interventions targeted at family caregivers has become a quickly expanding research field, none the least since a growing number of patients with incurable illness are being cared for at home. Spouses, who are also family caregivers, constitute an especially vulnerable group in need of support when they are cohabitating with the ill patient and research shows that communication regarding the illness is important, yet challenging. This study therefore explored effects of a family caregiver-targeted web-based psycho-educational intervention on communication about incurable illness and remaining life between spouses and patients receiving specialized home care.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCochrane Database Syst Rev
December 2024
Rationale: Postpartum iron deficiency anaemia is caused by antenatal iron deficiency or excessive blood loss at delivery and might affect up to 50% of labouring women in low- and middle-income countries. Effective and safe treatment during early motherhood is important for maternal well-being and newborn care. Treatment options include oral iron supplementation, intravenous iron, erythropoietin, and red blood cell transfusion.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe UK National Health Service general practice (GP) patient data constitute a rich research resource, but collecting, managing, and sharing patient data present challenges. In May 2021, to address these challenges, substantial changes to the system for processing pseudonymized GP patient data in England were announced. As part of an opt-out process, patient consent to sharing GP data was deemed to have been given.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: As breast cancer survival rates improve, the long-term quality of life (QoL) has become increasingly important. With a significant number of patients still undergoing mastectomy and experiencing its well-known negative impacts on QoL, breast reconstruction aims to mitigate this by restoring body integrity. This study aimed to evaluate the changes in QoL and satisfaction in patients after breast reconstruction and influence of various patient-related factors.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The contributions of genetic and environmental risk factors to hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) are both poorly understood.
Objective: To identify sequence variants that associate with HS and determine the contribution of environmental risk factors and inflammatory diseases to HS pathogenesis.
Methods: A genome-wide association meta-analysis of 4,814 HS cases (Denmark: 1,977; Iceland: 1,266; Finland: 800; UK: 569 and US: 202) and 1.
The application of artificial intelligence methods to electronic patient records paves the way for large-scale analysis of multimodal data. Such population-wide data describing deep phenotypes composed of thousands of features are now being leveraged to create data-driven algorithms, which in turn has led to improved methods for early cancer detection and screening. Remaining challenges include establishment of infrastructures for prospective testing of such methods, ways to assess biases given the data, and gathering of sufficiently large and diverse datasets that reflect disease heterogeneities across populations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRecent developments in graph neural networks show promise for predicting the occurrence of abnormal grain growth, which has been a particularly challenging area of research due to its apparent stochastic nature. In this study, we generate a large dataset of Monte Carlo simulations of abnormal grain growth. We train simple graph convolution networks to predict which initial microstructures will exhibit abnormal grain growth, and compare the results to a standard computer vision approach for the same task.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLaryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol
December 2024
Objectives: Our objective is to evaluate the prevalence of tympanic membrane (TM) retractions and management of signs of Eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD) in both children and adults following type 1 tympanoplasty or myringoplasty. Furthermore, to identify potential risk factors for developing ETD and TM retractions.
Methods: Retrospective cohort study of 423 patients (5-86 years of age) undergoing 452 procedures.
Purpose: To compare patient-reported visual function outcomes of immediate sequential bilateral cataract surgery (ISBCS) and delayed sequential bilateral cataract surgery (DSBCS).
Methods: Single-center, randomised controlled trial of patients eligible for bilateral cataract surgery allocated to ISBCS or DSBCS. Patients filled out the Catquest-7SF questionnaire before surgery, 1 week after surgery, and 3 months after surgery.
J Cyst Fibros
November 2024
Background: Adults with cystic fibrosis (AWCF) have higher rates of depression and anxiety than comparable community members. This multisite randomized waitlist-controlled trial tested the efficacy of "Coping and Learning to Manage Stress with CF" (CALM), a 6-session+booster telehealth intervention to improve depression and anxiety symptoms (primary outcomes) and perceived stress, coping self-efficacy, and key health-related quality of life domains (secondary outcomes).
Methods: AWCF reporting mild to severe symptoms of depression and/or anxiety were randomized to receive CALM immediately (immediate, n = 66) or after a 13-week delay (waitlist, n = 66).
Background: Abnormal serum potassium levels are commonly found in the intensive care unit (ICU) population. We aimed to determine the prevalence of potassium disorders at ICU admission and its association with functional outcomes in comatose patients resuscitated from cardiac arrest.
Methods: We performed a post hoc analysis of pooled data from four randomised clinical trials involving comatose post-cardiac arrest patients admitted to ICU after return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC).
Introduction: The Patient Activity Treatment Outcome Scale (PATOS) is a novel patient-reported outcome measure (PROM). This study explored patients' and orthopaedic surgeons' experiences with PATOS as part of a PROM battery. It aimed to investigate its influence on patient involvement and healthcare decisions about knee or hip osteoarthritis patients scheduled for knee/hip arthroplasty.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLancet Child Adolesc Health
December 2024
The rates of most paediatric infectious diseases declined during the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic due to the implementation of non-pharmaceutical interventions. However, after the gradual release of these interventions, resurgences of infections occurred with notable variations in incidence, clinical manifestations, pathogen strains, and age distribution. This Review seeks to explore these changes and the rare clinical manifestations that were made evident during the resurgence of known childhood infections.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol
January 2025
Background: Cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM) is a disease characterized by vascular malformations that primarily develop in the brain. These malformations are prone to leak, and their rupture or thrombotic closure can cause life-threatening hemorrhages and strokes. Mouse models have been instrumental to study the disease, but most cause premature lethality, precluding the investigation of disease mechanisms through intravital microscopy.
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