In-situ microscopy: Online process monitoring of mammalian cell cultures.

The in-situ microscope is a system developed to acquire images of mammalian cells directly inside a bioreactor (in-situ) duringa fermentation process. It requires only minimal operator intervention and it is well suited for either batch or long-termperfusion fermentation runs. The system fits into a 25 mm standard port and has a retractable housing, similar to the industry standard InTrac.

Optical sensor systems for bioprocess monitoring.

Bioreactors are closed systems in which microorganisms can be cultivated under defined, controllable conditions that can be optimized with regard to viability, reproducibility, and product-oriented productivity. To drive the biochemical reaction network of the biological system through the desired reaction optimally, the complex interactions of the overall system must be understood and controlled. Optical sensors which encompass all analytical methods based on interactions of light with matter are efficient tools to obtain this information.