Conversion of Sugars to Lactic Acid using Homogeneous Niobium-Substituted Polyoxometalate Catalysts.

The catalytic conversion of biomass into high-value chemicals is an increasing field of research. This study uniquely investigates the use of various Keggin-type heteropoly salts (HPS) for the chemical conversion of sugars into lactic acid under mild conditions of 160 °C and 20 bar N. In the first phase, Nb- and V-substituted HPSs were employed to synthesize lactic acid from dihydroxyacetone, an intermediate in the conversion of sugars to lactic acid.

Heteroelements in polyoxometalates: a study on the influence of different group 15 elements on polyoxometalate formation.

In the field of polyoxometalate (POM) chemistry, different heteroelements are integrated into the cage-like structures, to obtain different structural types of so-called heteropolyanions (HPAs). While it is generally accepted, that some elements favor certain types of structure, a systematic study is still missing. In this article, we present a systematic investigation of the influence of the group 15 elements nitrogen, phosphorous, arsenic, and antimony on the formation of different POM structure types.

H [PV Mo O ] - A Unique Polyoxometalate for Acid and RedOx Catalysis: Synthesis, Characterization, and Modern Applications in Green Chemical Processes.

Polyoxometalates (POMs) are a fascinating group of anionic metal-oxide clusters with a broad variety of structural properties and several catalytic applications, especially in the conversion of bio-derived platform chemicals. H [PV Mo O ] (HPA-5) is a unique POM catalyst that ideally links numerous fascinating research fields for the following reasons: a) HPA-5 can be synthesized by rational design approaches; b) HPA-5 can be well characterized using multiple analytical tools explaining its catalytic properties; and c) HPA-5 is suitable for multiple important catalytic transformations of bio-based feedstock. This Review combines the fields of synthesis, spectroscopic, electrochemical, and crystallographic characterization of HPA-5 with those of sustainable catalysis and green chemistry.

Spectroscopic, Crystallographic, and Electrochemical Study of Different Manganese(II)-Substituted Keggin-Type Phosphomolybdates.

Adjusting the RedOx activity of polyoxometalate catalysts is a key challenge for the catalysis of selective oxidation reactions. For this purpose, the possibility of influencing the RedOx potential by the introduction of an additional RedOx-active element was investigated. Thereby, Keggin-type polyoxometalates (POMs) with up to three different elements in the metal framework were created.