An Efficient Triplex TaqMan Quantitative PCR to Detect a Blackleg-Causing Lineage of in Potato Based on a Pangenome Analysis.

is an important bacterial pathogen causing blackleg (BL) in potatoes. Nevertheless, is often detected in seed lots that do not develop any of the typical blackleg symptoms in the potato crop when planted. Field bioassays identified that strains can be categorized into two distinct classes, some able to cause blackleg symptoms and some unable to do it.

QMRA of Ralstonia solanacearum in potato cultivation: Risks associated with irrigation water recycled through managed aquifer recharge.

Agricultural aquifer storage recovery and transfer (ASTR) stores excess fresh water for later reuse in irrigation. Moreover, water quality improves because chemical pollutants and pathogens will be removed by degradation and attachment to the aquifer material. The source water may contain the bacterial plant pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum which causes plant infections and high yield losses.

Inactivation of tomato leads to reduced susceptibility to through downregulation of bacterial virulence factors.

Tomato bacterial canker caused by (Cm) is considered to be one of the most destructive bacterial diseases of tomato. To date, no resistance to the pathogen has been identified. While several molecular studies have identified () bacterial factors involved in disease development, the plant genes and mechanisms associated with susceptibility of tomato to the bacterium remain largely unknown.

Dose-response relationship of and potato in greenhouse and experiments.

is the causative agent of bacterial wilt of potato and other vegetable crops. Contaminated irrigation water contributes to the dissemination of this pathogen but the exact concentration or biological threshold to cause an infection is unknown. In two greenhouse experiments, potted potato plants () were exposed to a single irrigation with 50 mL water (non-invasive soil-soak inoculation) containing no or 10 - 10 CFU/mL .

Natural Infections of Potato Plants Grown from Minitubers with Blackleg-Causing Soft Rot Pectobacteriaceae.

Information on the infection incidence of blackleg-causing soft rot Pectobacteriaceae (BL-SRP) in potato crops grown from minitubers (PB1-crop) and the distribution of BL-SRP in individual plants was collected during a two-year survey conducted at five potato growers located in the Netherlands. In the last weeks before haulm destruction, leaves, stems, and tubers of 100 or 200 plants were analyzed separately for the presence of , , , and spp. Extracted plant parts enriched for BL-SRP were analyzed with TaqMan assays specific for the detection of blackleg-causing BL-SRP.

Removal of bacterial plant pathogens in columns filled with quartz and natural sediments under anoxic and oxygenated conditions.

Irrigation with surface water carrying plant pathogens poses a risk for agriculture. Managed aquifer recharge enhances fresh water availability while simultaneously it may reduce the risk of plant diseases by removal of pathogens during aquifer passage. We compared the transport of three plant pathogenic bacteria with Escherichia coli WR1 as reference strain in saturated laboratory column experiments filled with quartz sand, or sandy aquifer sediments.

The Broad Host Range Plant Pathogen Shows a High Genetic Diversity.

The wide host range phytopathogen , first described in ornamentals in the 1950s, rapidly became a threat for potato production in Europe and, more recently, worldwide. Previous genomic analyses, mainly of strains isolated from potato, revealed little sequence diversity. To further analyse genomic diversity, we used a larger genome panel of 41 isolates encompassing more strains isolated from potato over a wide time scale and more strains isolated from other hosts.

Bacterial ring rot of potato caused by Clavibacter sepedonicus: A successful example of defeating the enemy under international regulations.

Background: Bacterial ring rot of potato (Solanum tuberosum) caused by the gram-positive coryneform bacterium Clavibacter sepedonicus is an important quarantine disease threatening the potato industry around the globe. Since its original description in 1906 in Germany, management of ring rot has been a major problem due to the seedborne nature (via seed tubers not true seeds) of the pathogen allowing the bacterium to be transmitted long distances via infected tubers.

Disease Symptoms: On growing potato plants: interveinal chlorosis on leaflets leading to necrotic areas and systemic wilt.

Susceptibility reversed: modified plant susceptibility genes for resistance to bacteria.

Plants have evolved complex defence mechanisms to avoid invasion of potential pathogens. Despite this, adapted pathogens deploy effector proteins to manipulate host susceptibility (S) genes, rendering plant defences ineffective. The identification and mutation of plant S genes exploited by bacterial pathogens are important for the generation of crops with durable and broad-spectrum resistance.

Die-off of plant pathogenic bacteria in tile drainage and anoxic water from a managed aquifer recharge site.

Managed aquifer recharge (MAR) can provide irrigation water and overcome water scarcity in agriculture. Removal of potentially present plant pathogens during MAR is essential to prevent crop diseases. We studied the die-off of three plant pathogenic bacteria in water microcosms with natural or filtered tile drainage water (TDW) at 10 and 25°C and with natural anoxic aquifer water (AW) at 10°C from a MAR site.

European Population of : Genomic Diversity, Tuber Maceration Capacity and a Detection Tool for This Rarely Occurring Potato Pathogen.

Enterobacteria belonging to the and genera are responsible for soft rot and blackleg diseases occurring in many crops around the world. Since 2016, the number of described species has more than doubled. However, some new species, such as , are often poorly characterized, and little is known about their genomic and phenotypic variation.

The Pectobacterium pangenome, with a focus on Pectobacterium brasiliense, shows a robust core and extensive exchange of genes from a shared gene pool.

Background: Bacterial plant pathogens of the Pectobacterium genus are responsible for a wide spectrum of diseases in plants, including important crops such as potato, tomato, lettuce, and banana. Investigation of the genetic diversity underlying virulence and host specificity can be performed at genome level by using a comprehensive comparative approach called pangenomics. A pangenomic approach, using newly developed functionalities in PanTools, was applied to analyze the complex phylogeny of the Pectobacterium genus.

Transcriptome analysis of Xanthomonas fragariae in strawberry leaves.

Xanthomonas fragariae is a quarantine bacterial pathogen that causes angular leaf spot on strawberry. The aim of our study was to analyse the mechanism of interaction of this bacterium with its host plant at the transcriptome level. For this purpose, mRNAs of X.

Comparative Studies on the Disease Prevalence and Population Dynamics of Ginger Blotch and Brown Blotch Pathogens of Button Mushrooms.

Bacterial blotch is one of the most economically important diseases of button 'mushroom. Knowledge of mechanisms of disease expression, inoculum thresholds, and disease management is limited to the most well-known pathogen, . Recent outbreaks in Europe have been attributed to '' and for ginger and brown blotch, respectively.

Molecular characterization of Pseudomonas from Agaricus bisporus caps reveal novel blotch pathogens in Western Europe.

Background: Bacterial blotch is a group of economically important diseases affecting the cultivation of common button mushroom, Agaricus bisporus. Despite being studied for more than a century, the identity and nomenclature of blotch-causing Pseudomonas species is still unclear. This study aims to molecularly characterize the phylogenetic and phenotypic diversity of blotch pathogens in Western Europe.

Six Multiplex TaqMan-qPCR Assays for Quantitative Diagnostics of Species Causative of Bacterial Blotch Diseases of Mushrooms.

Bacterial blotch is a group of economically important diseases of the common button mushroom (). Once the pathogens are introduced to a farm, mesophilic growing conditions (that are optimum for mushroom production) result in severe and widespread secondary infections. Efficient, timely and quantitative detection of the pathogens is hence critical for the design of localized control strategies and prediction of disease risk.

Potato-Infecting Strains in Iran Expand Knowledge on the Global Diversity of Brown Rot Ecotype of the Pathogen.

Bacterial wilt and brown rot disease caused by species complex (RSSC) is one of the major constraints of potato () production around the globe. During 2017 to 2018, an extensive field survey was conducted in six potato-growing provinces of Iran to monitor the status of bacterial wilt disease. Pathogenicity and host range assays using 59 bacterial strains isolated in Iran showed that they were pathogenic on eggplant, red nightshade, pepper, potato and tomato, while nonpathogenic on common bean, cowpea, cucumber, sunflower, zinnia and zucchini.

Genome Resource of Two Potato Strains of Biovar 2 (Phylotype IIB Sequevar 1) and Biovar 2T (Phylotype IIB Sequevar 25) Isolated from Lowlands in Iran.

, the causal agent of bacterial wilt and brown rot disease, is one of the major pathogens of solanaceous crops, including potato, around the globe. Biovar 2T (phylotype II/sequevar 25) of is adapted to tropical lowlands and is only reported in South America and Iran. Thus far, no genome resource of the biovar 2T of the pathogen has been available.

sp. nov., having a SPI-1-like Type III secretion system and low virulence.

strains isolated from potato stems in Finland, Poland and the Netherlands were subjected to polyphasic analyses to characterize their genomic and phenotypic features. Phylogenetic analysis based on 382 core proteins showed that the isolates clustered closest to but could be divided into two clades. Average nucleotide identity (ANI) analysis revealed that the isolates in one of the clades included the type strain, whereas the second clade was at the border of the species with a 96 % ANI value.

Pest categorisation of .

Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Plant Health performed a pest categorisation of , a well-defined and distinguishable bacterial plant pathogen of the family Microbacteriaceae. causes bacterial ring rot of potato and is reported from North America, Asia and Europe. The bacterium is mostly tuber transmitted, but it can also enter host plants through wounds or via contaminated equipment.

Potato Virus Y Detection in Seed Potatoes Using Deep Learning on Hyperspectral Images.

Virus diseases are of high concern in the cultivation of seed potatoes. Once found in the field, virus diseased plants lead to declassification or even rejection of the seed lots resulting in a financial loss. Farmers put in a lot of effort to detect diseased plants and remove virus-diseased plants from the field.

Pest categorisation of the species complex.

Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Plant Health performed a pest categorisation of the species complex (RSSC), a distinguishable cosmopolitan group of bacterial plant pathogens (including , and two subspecies of ) of the family Burkholderiaceae. The RSSC causes bacterial wilt in solanaceous crops, such as potato, tomato and pepper, but can also cause wilts in other important food crops such as fruit banana, plantain banana and cassava. The pest survives in the soil, and a number of weed species can also be infected by the pest, often asymptomatically.

Development and Evaluation of a Triplex TaqMan Assay and Next-Generation Sequence Analysis for Improved Detection of Xylella in Plant Material.

Xylella fastidiosa is a heterogenous gram-negative bacterial plant pathogen with a wide host range covering over 300 plant species. Since 2013, in Europe, the presence of the pathogen is increasing in a part of the Mediterranean area, but it causes in particular severe disease problems in olive orchards in the Southern part of Italy. Various subspecies of the pathogen were also diagnosed in natural outbreaks and intercepted ornamental plants in Europe, among them Olea europaea, Coffea arabica, and Nerium oleander.

Genetic Characterization of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis Population in Turkey.

The pathogenic gram-positive bacterium Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (Smith) Davis et al. is the most harmful bacterium to tomatoes in many countries with a cooler climate.