Endocrine Effect of Some Mycotoxins on Humans: A Clinical Review of the Ways to Mitigate the Action of Mycotoxins.

Fungi such as spp. and spp., which are commonly found in the environment, pose a serious global health problem.

Expression and localization of the neuropeptide phoenixin-14 and its receptor GRP173 in the canine reproductive organs and periovarian adipose tissue.

Phoenixin-14 (PNX-14) is a regulatory neuropeptide encoded by the SMIM20 gene, which has been implicated in the reproductive cycle by modulating the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. Recently, we showed that PNX-14 is downregulated in bitches with cystic endometrial hyperplasia and pyometra. The objective of this study was to determine the expression of Smim20, PNX-14, and its putative receptor GRP173 in the canine ovary (both healthy and those with ovarian cysts), periovarian adipose tissue (PAT) and in the endometrium during the oestrous cycle.

Serum spexin concentration, body condition score and markers of obesity in dogs.

Background: Spexin (SPX) is a peptide hormone that regulates body weight, adipose tissue metabolism, and food intake.

Hypothesis: Serum SPX concentration correlates with body condition score (BCS) and markers of obesity in dogs.

Animals: Fifty-seven dogs of varying body condition assessed using a 5-point BCS.

Noninvasive strategies for surveillance of swine viral diseases: a review.

In view of the intensive development of the swine industry, monitoring and surveillance of infectious diseases require low-cost, effective, and representative population sampling methods. We present herein the state of knowledge, to date, in the use of alternative strategies in the monitoring of swine health. Blood sampling, the most commonly used method in veterinary medicine to obtain samples for monitoring swine health, is labor-intensive and expensive, which has resulted in a search for alternative sampling strategies.

Kinetics of single and dual simultaneous infection of pigs with swine influenza A virus and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus.

Background: Simultaneous viral infections exhibit the phenomenon of viral interference, but understanding of the effect of one virus on another is limited.

Objective: Evaluate and compare clinical characteristics, immune and acute phase response, viral shedding and viral load in pigs singly and doubly inoculated with swine influenza A virus (swIAV) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV).

Animals: Fifty-four 7-week-old piglets.

The First Report of Immunoglobulin G, M, and A Concentrations in Serum of European Bison and Their Changes with Age.

The age-specific reference values for immunoglobulin (Ig) serum concentrations in European bison () are lacking. Identification of immune alterations that accompany normal physiological aging will help assist in development of better monitoring health programs. In the present study, the age-associated changes in concentration of IgG, IgM, and IgA in serum of apparently healthy European bison of various ages were studied.

Non-antibiotic Possibilities in Prevention and Treatment of Calf Diarrhoea.

Due to increasing bacterial antibiotic resistance and the consumers' tendency to choose organic products, cattle farmers are interested in alternative methods of calf diarrhoea treatment. This is a major challenge for veterinarians. Few methods of non-antibiotic treatment that bring satisfactory results have been reported in the related literature so far.

Dynamics of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine changes in serum and assessment of their diagnostic utility during lactation impairment in pigs.

Postpartum dysgalactia syndrome (PDS) in sows is a frequent and important clinical problem in the field. Currently, the diagnosis is based on physical examination performed during first days after the farrowing. The present study aimed at evaluation the dynamics of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and TNF-α) changes in serum of sows during peripartum period (day - 28 to + 28) and assessment of their diagnostic utility during lactation impairment in pigs.

Tick distribution along animal tracks: implication for preventative medicine.

Introduction: Tick abundance and the prevalence of the pathogens they carry have been increasing worldwide in the last decades, and is projected to increase even further. Despite the fact that problem is global, there still remain many gaps in the diagnosis and treatment of tick-borne diseases. The best protection from tick-borne pathogens, therefore, is prevention and avoidance of bites.

Ultrasonographic diagnosis of early pregnancy in cattle using different ultrasound systems.

Objective: To evaluate the efficiency of different ultrasound devices in achieving an early diagnosis of pregnancy in dairy herds.

Material And Methods: A total of 1976 Holstein Friesian cows and heifers were artificially inseminated (AI) according to the herd manager's regime. Pregnancy diagnostics were performed between day 26 and 35 after AI using six different types of ultrasound systems (linear vs.