Re-arrest immediately after return of spontaneous circulation: A retrospective observational study of in-hospital cardiac arrest.

Background: Patients who achieve return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) after in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) may re-arrest. This phenomenon has not been sufficiently investigated. The aim of this study was to examine the immediate (1-min) and short-term (20-min) risks of re-arrest in IHCA.

Readiness to provide comprehensive emergency obstetric and neonatal care: a cross-sectional study in 30 health facilities in Tanzania.

Background: Despite the global progress in bringing health services closer to the population, mothers and their newborns still receive substandard care leading to morbidity and mortality. Health facilities' capacity to deliver the service is a prerequisite for quality health care. This study aimed to assess health facilities' readiness to provide comprehensive emergency obstetric and newborn care (CEmONC), comprising of blood transfusion, caesarean section and basic services, and hence to inform improvement in the quality of care interventions in Tanzania.

Thyroidectomy for Euthyroid Patients with Hashimoto Disease and Persistent Symptoms: An Observational, Postrandomization Study.

Background: Despite adequate hormone substitution in Hashimoto disease, some patients may have persistent symptoms with a possible autoimmune pathophysiology. A recent randomized trial (RCT) using patient-reported outcome measures as the primary endpoint showed benefit in total thyroidectomy, but at a cost of high complication rates.

Objective: To verify results from the RCT in an observational study including a wider range of patients and explore means of predicting who may benefit from such surgery.

Extracting physiologic and clinical data from defibrillators for research purposes to improve treatment for patients in cardiac arrest.

Background: A defibrillator should be connected to all patients receiving cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) to allow early defibrillation. The defibrillator will collect signal data such as the electrocardiogram (ECG), thoracic impedance and end-tidal CO, which allows for research on how patients demonstrate different responses to CPR. The aim of this review is to give an overview of methodological challenges and opportunities in using defibrillator data for research.

Improvements in Obstetric and Newborn Health Information Documentation following the Implementation of the Safer Births Bundle of Care at 30 Facilities in Tanzania.

This paper examines changes in the completeness of documentation in clinical practice before and during the implementation of the Safer Births Bundle of Care (SBBC) project. This observational study enrolled parturient women with a gestation age of at least 28 weeks at the onset of labour. Data collectors extracted information from facility registers and then a central data manager summarised and reported weekly statistics.

Prevalence of bradycardia in 4876 newborns in the first minute after birth and association with positive pressure ventilation: a population-based cross-sectional study.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of bradycardia in the first minute after birth and association with positive pressure ventilation (PPV).

Method: A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted from June 2019 to December 2021 at Stavanger University Hospital, Norway. Parents consented to participation during pregnancy, and newborns ≥28 weeks' gestation were included at birth.

Laparoscopic rectal cancer resection yields comparable clinical and oncological results with shorter hospital stay compared to open access: a 5-year national cohort.

Purpose: Although widely applied, the results following laparoscopic rectal resection (LRR) compared to open rectal resection (ORR) are still debated. The aim of this study was to assess clinical short- and long-term results as well as oncological resection quality following LRR or ORR for cancer in a 5-year national cohort.

Methods: Data from the Norwegian Registry for Gastrointestinal Surgery and the Norwegian Colorectal Cancer Registry were retrieved from January 2014 to December 2018 for patients who underwent elective resection for rectal cancer.

Less, but not gone-gluten-free diet effects on fatigue in celiac disease: a prospective controlled study.

Introduction: Fatigue is a frequent complaint in patients with celiac disease. A gluten-free diet is the only established treatment for celiac disease, but how this diet influences fatigue is uncertain. We aimed to investigate fatigue prevalence, severity, and associated factors in patients with celiac disease, at diagnosis and at 1 year after commencing a gluten-free diet.

Increase in Newborns Ventilated Within the First Minute of Life and Reduced Mortality After Clinical Data-Guided Simulation Training.

Introduction: Birth asphyxia-related deaths is a major global concern. Rapid initiation of ventilation within the "Golden Minute" is important for intact survival but reported to be challenging, especially in low-/middle-income countries. Helping Babies Breathe (HBB) is a simulation-based training program for newborn resuscitation.

Non-shockable rhythms: A parametric model for the immediate probability of return of spontaneous circulation.

Background: Cardiac arrest can present with asystole, Pulseless Electrical Activity (PEA), or Ventricular Fibrillation/Tachycardia (VF/VT). We investigated the transition intensity of Return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) from PEA and asystole during in-hospital resuscitation.

Materials And Methods: We included 770 episodes of cardiac arrest.

Importance of endocrine treatment adherence and persistence in breast cancer survivorship: a systematic review.

Purpose: Adjuvant endocrine treatment is essential for treating luminal subtypes of breast cancer, which constitute 75% of all breast malignancies. However, the detrimental side effects of treatment make it difficult for many patients to complete the guideline-required treatment. Such non-adherence may jeopardize the lifesaving ability of anti-estrogen therapy.

High mobility group box 1 and a network of other biomolecules influence fatigue in patients with Crohn's disease.

Background: Fatigue is common in patients with chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, often with a severe impact on the patient's daily life. From a biological point of view, fatigue can be regarded as an element of the sickness behavior response, a coordinated set of responses induced by pathogens to enhance survival during an infection and immunological danger. The mechanisms are not fully understood but involve activation of the innate immune system, with pro-inflammatory cytokines, in particular interleukin (IL)-1β, acting on cerebral neurons.

"Safer Births Bundle of Care" Implementation and Perinatal Impact at 30 Hospitals in Tanzania-Halfway Evaluation.

Safer Births Bundle of Care (SBBC) consists of innovative clinical and training tools for improved labour care and newborn resuscitation, integrated with new strategies for continuous quality improvement. After implementation, we hypothesised a reduction in 24-h newborn deaths, fresh stillbirths, and maternal deaths by 50%, 20%, and 10%, respectively. This is a 3-year stepped-wedged cluster randomised implementation study, including 30 facilities within five regions in Tanzania.

Reduction in omission events after implementing a Rapid Response System: a mortality review in a department of gastrointestinal surgery.

Background: Hospitals worldwide have implemented Rapid Response Systems (RRS) to facilitate early recognition and prompt response by trained personnel to deteriorating patients. A key concept of this system is that it should prevent 'events of omission', including failure to monitor patients' vital signs, delayed detection, and treatment of deterioration and delayed transfer to an intensive care unit. Time matters when a patient deteriorates, and several in-hospital challenges may prevent the RRS from functioning adequately.

Impact of immediate and continuous heart rate feedback by dry electrode ECG on time to initiation of ventilation after birth: protocol for a randomised controlled trial.

Introduction: 3%-8% of newborns need positive pressure ventilation (PPV) after birth. Heart rate (HR) is considered the most sensitive indicator of the newborns' condition and response to resuscitative interventions. According to guidelines, HR should be assessed and PPV initiated within 60 s after birth in non-breathing newborns.

Newborns requiring resuscitation: Two thirds have heart rate ≥100 beats/minute in the first minute after birth.

Aim: The aim was to study the prevalence of bradycardia at birth in newborns requiring positive pressure ventilation (PPV), distribution of first measured heart rate (HR), changes in HR before start of PPV and HR response to PPV.

Methods: A population-based study including newborns ≥30 weeks' gestation receiving PPV at birth. HR was captured immediately after birth and continuously throughout resuscitation using the dry-electrode ECG device NeoBeat.

Newborn resuscitation simulation training and changes in clinical performance and perinatal outcomes: a clinical observational study of 10,481 births.

Background: Annually, 1.5 million intrapartum-related deaths occur; fresh stillbirths and early newborn deaths. Most of these deaths are preventable with skilled ventilation starting within the first minute of life.

Epidemiology of abdominal trauma: An age- and sex-adjusted incidence analysis with mortality patterns.

Purpose: Abdominal injuries may occur in up to one-third of all patients who suffer severe trauma, but little is known about epidemiological trends and characteristics in a Northern European setting. This study investigated injury demographics, and epidemiological trends in trauma patients admitted with abdominal injuries.

Methods: This was an observational cohort study of all consecutive patients admitted to Stavanger University Hospital (SUH) with a documented abdominal injury between January 2004 and December 2018.

Fatigue: a frequent and biologically based phenomenon in newly diagnosed celiac disease.

Fatigue is increasingly recognized as a major complaint in patients with chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Although fatigue is assumed to represent a significant problem in celiac disease, existing knowledge is scarce, and opinions are conflicting. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and severity of fatigue in patients with newly diagnosed celiac disease and compare it with healthy control subjects.

Air versus Sulfur Hexafluoride Gas Tamponade for Small and Medium-Sized Macular Holes: A Randomized Noninferiority Trial.

Purpose: To investigate whether air tamponade is noninferior to sulfur hexafluoride (SF) gas tamponade for small (≤ 250 μm) and medium-sized (> 250 μm and ≤ 400 μm) macular holes (MHs).

Design: Multicenter, randomized controlled, noninferiority trial.

Participants: Patients aged ≥ 18 years undergoing surgery for primary MHs of ≤ 400 μm in diameter.