Prenylation-dependent membrane localization of a deubiquitinating enzyme and its role in regulating G protein-mediated signaling in yeast.

Miy1 is a highly conserved de-ubiquitinating enzyme in yeast with MINDY1 as its human homolog. Miy1 is known to act on K48-linked polyubiquitin chain, but its biological function is unknown. Miy1 has a putative prenylation site, suggesting it as a membrane-associated protein that may contribute to the regulation of cell signaling.

From palm to practice: prescription digital therapeutics for mental and brain health at the National Institutes of Health.

Prescription Digital Therapeutics (PDTs) are emerging as promising tools for treating and managing mental and brain health conditions within the context of daily life. This commentary distinguishes PDTs from other Software as Medical Devices (SaMD) and explores their integration into mental and brain health treatments. We focus on research programs and support from the National Institutes of Health (NIH), discussing PDT research supported by the NIH's National Institute on Child Health and Development (NICHD), National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), and National Institute on Aging (NIA).

Neutral genetic structuring of pathogen populations during rapid adaptation.

Pathogen species are experiencing strong joint demographic and selective events, especially when they adapt to a new host, for example through overcoming plant resistance. Stochasticity in the founding event and the associated demographic variations hinder our understanding of the expected evolutionary trajectories and the genetic structure emerging at both neutral and selected loci. What would be the typical genetic signatures of such a rapid adaptation event is not elucidated.

Living on the edge: Crayfish as drivers to anoxification of their own shelter microenvironment.

Burrowing is a common trait among crayfish thought to help species deal with adverse environmental challenges. However, little is known about the microhabitat ecology of crayfish taxa in relation to their burrows. To fill this knowledge gap, we assessed the availability of oxygen inside the crayfish shelter by series of in-vivo and in-silico modelling experiments.

GenAPoPop 1.0: A user-friendly software to analyse genetic diversity and structure from partially clonal and selfed autopolyploid organisms.

Autopolyploidy is quite common in most clades of eukaryotes. The emergence of sequence-based genotyping methods with individual and marker tags now enables confident allele dosage, overcoming the main obstacle to the democratization of the population genetic approaches when studying ecology and evolution of autopolyploid populations and species. Reproductive modes, including clonality, selfing and allogamy, have deep consequences on the ecology and evolution of population and species.

Correlates of support for international vaccine solidarity during the COVID-19 pandemic: Cross-sectional survey evidence from Germany.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, many residents of high-income countries (HICs) were eligible for COVID-19 vaccine boosters, while many residents of lower-income countries (LICs) had not yet received a first dose. HICs made some efforts to contribute to COVID-19 vaccination efforts in LICs, but these efforts were limited in scale. A new literature discusses the normative importance of an international redistribution of vaccines.

Which vaccine attributes foster vaccine uptake? A cross-country conjoint experiment.

Why do people prefer one particular COVID-19 vaccine over another? We conducted a pre-registered conjoint experiment (n = 5,432) in France, Germany, and Sweden in which respondents rated the favorability of and chose between pairs of hypothetical COVID-19 vaccines. Differences in effectiveness and the prevalence of side-effects had the largest effects on vaccine preferences. Factors with smaller effects include country of origin (respondents are less favorable to vaccines of Chinese and Russian origin), and vaccine technology (respondents exhibited a small preference for hypothetical mRNA vaccines).

Momentary Influences on Self-Regulation in Two Populations With Health Risk Behaviors: Adults Who Smoke and Adults Who Are Overweight and Have Binge-Eating Disorder.

Introduction: Self-regulation has been implicated in health risk behaviors and is a target of many health behavior interventions. Despite most prior research focusing on self-regulation as an individual-level trait, we hypothesize that self-regulation is a time-varying mechanism of health and risk behavior that may be influenced by momentary contexts to a substantial degree. Because most health behaviors (e.

Influence of Molecular Weight on the Organic Electrochemical Transistor Performance of Ladder-Type Conjugated Polymers.

Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) hold promise for developing a variety of high-performance (bio-)electronic devices/circuits. While OECTs based on p-type semiconductors have achieved tremendous progress in recent years, n-type OECTs still suffer from low performance, hampering the development of power-efficient electronics. Here, it is demonstrated that fine-tuning the molecular weight of the rigid, ladder-type n-type polymer poly(benzimidazobenzophenanthroline) (BBL) by only one order of magnitude (from 4.

Linking multiple aspects of thermal performance to explore the potential for thermal resource partitioning between a native and an invasive crayfish.

Ecologists require standardized, ecologically relevant information on the thermal ecology of aquatic ectotherms to address growing concerns related to changing climates, altered habitats, and introduced species. We measured multiple thermal endpoints to investigate potential for establishment of the invasive Ringed Crayfish (Faxonius neglectus) in thermally heterogeneous habitat of the narrowly distributed endemic Coldwater Crayfish (Faxonius eupunctus). For each species, we examined the relationships between thermal endpoints at the cellular and organismal levels.

Rural School Nurses Face Challenges in Colorado: A Qualitative Study.

Rural school nurses are on the front lines of providing health care for children and families in rural Colorado, but there is little research from their perspective. To fill this gap, a descriptive phenomenological study examined the experiences of nine rural school nurses through in-person audiotaped interviews. Analysis of data revealed three main themes: (1) rural school nurses' efforts to meet students' extensive physical and mental health issues, (2) school nurses struggle to help rural students in extreme poverty, and (3) communication challenges experienced by rural school nurses.

The discernible and hidden effects of clonality on the genotypic and genetic states of populations: Improving our estimation of clonal rates.

Partial clonality is widespread across the tree of life, but most population genetic models are designed for exclusively clonal or sexual organisms. This gap hampers our understanding of the influence of clonality on evolutionary trajectories and the interpretation of population genetic data. We performed forward simulations of diploid populations at increasing rates of clonality (c), analysed their relationships with genotypic (clonal richness, R, and distribution of clonal sizes, Pareto β) and genetic (F and linkage disequilibrium) indices, and tested predictions of c from population genetic data through supervised machine learning.

Corrigendum: Core Neuropsychological Measures for Obesity and Diabetes Trials: Initial Report.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.

Core Neuropsychological Measures for Obesity and Diabetes Trials: Initial Report.

Obesity and diabetes are known to be related to cognitive abilities. The Core Neuropsychological Measures for Obesity and Diabetes Trials Project aimed to identify the key cognitive and perceptual domains in which performance can influence treatment outcomes, including predicting, mediating, and moderating treatment outcome and to generate neuropsychological batteries comprised of well-validated, easy-to-administer tests that best measure these key domains. The ultimate goal is to facilitate inclusion of neuropsychological measures in clinical studies and trials so that we can gather more information on potential mediators of obesity and diabetes treatment outcomes.

Pulmonary Manifestations of Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS) Syndrome: A Systematic Review.

Background: The syndrome of drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) is a rare, yet potentially fatal hypersensitivity reaction, most commonly associated with anticonvulsants, sulfonamides, and allopurinol. The reaction commonly manifests as a febrile skin eruption with lymphadenopathy and malaise between two and eight weeks following drug exposure. Internal organ involvement occurs in close to 90 percent of patients, and multiple organs may be involved in approximately half of those affected (most commonly the liver, kidney, and lung).

Doping of Monolayer Transition-Metal Dichalcogenides via Physisorption of Aromatic Solvent Molecules.

Two-dimensional (2D) transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) recently emerged as novel materials displaying a wide variety of physicochemical properties that render them unique scaffolds for high-performance (opto)electronics. The controlled physisorption of molecules on the TMD surface is a viable approach for tuning their optical and electronic properties. Solvents, made of small aromatic molecules, are frequently employed for the cleaning of the 2D materials or as a "dispersant" for their chemical functionalization with larger (macro)molecules, without considering their potential key effect in locally modifying the characteristics of 2D materials.

Molecule-Graphene Hybrid Materials with Tunable Mechanoresponse: Highly Sensitive Pressure Sensors for Health Monitoring.

The development of pressure sensors is crucial for the implementation of electronic skins and for health monitoring integrated into novel wearable devices. Tremendous effort is devoted toward improving their sensitivity, e.g.

Nanoscale Assembly of Cellulose Nanocrystals during Drying and Redispersion.

We have followed the structural evolution during evaporation-induced self-assembly of sulfonated cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) in the presence of H and Li counterions by small-angle X-ray scattering. Drying of CNC-H dispersions results in ordered films that could not be readily redispersed, while the CNC-Li films were disordered and prone to reswelling and redispersion. The scaling of the separation distance () between CNC particles and the particle concentration () shows that the CNC-H dispersions display a unidimensional contraction of the nematic structure ( ∝ ) during drying, while the CNC-Li dispersions consolidate isotropically ( ∝ ), which is characteristic for hydrogels with no preferential orientation.

Brain insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer disease: concepts and conundrums.

Considerable overlap has been identified in the risk factors, comorbidities and putative pathophysiological mechanisms of Alzheimer disease and related dementias (ADRDs) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), two of the most pressing epidemics of our time. Much is known about the biology of each condition, but whether T2DM and ADRDs are parallel phenomena arising from coincidental roots in ageing or synergistic diseases linked by vicious pathophysiological cycles remains unclear. Insulin resistance is a core feature of T2DM and is emerging as a potentially important feature of ADRDs.

Brain Activation during Perception and Anticipation of Dyspnea in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

Dyspnea is the impairing cardinal symptom in COPD, but the underlying brain mechanisms and their relationships to clinical patient characteristics are widely unknown. This study compared neural responses to the perception and anticipation of dyspnea between patients with stable moderate-to-severe COPD and healthy controls. Moreover, associations between COPD-specific brain activation and clinical patient characteristics were examined.

A histologically proven case of lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia in a HIV infected adult with an undetectable viral load.

Lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia (LIP) is on the spectrum of lymphoproliferative diseases that can affect the lungs. Although common in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected children, it is rarely reported in adults. A 51-year-old HIV infected female patient presented with worsening dyspnea over five months.