Changes in adiposity and fat tissue distribution among preschool children from Kraków, Poland, from 2008 to 2018.

In the light of changes in the living conditions of populations, excess adiposity is currently a serious public health problem worldwide. The aim of this study was to assess the changes in the body fat ratio among preschool children aged 3-7 years from Kraków, Poland, between 2008 and 2018. The study group consisted of children examined in two cross-sectional studies.

Changes in the prevalence of overweight/obesity and adiposity among pre-school children in Kraków, Poland, from 2008 to 2018.

Socioeconomic changes occurring over time influence the lifestyle choices of a population, and these can significantly affect children's body weight and composition. The aim of this study was to assess the changes in prevalence of overweight, obesity and adiposity in pre-school children in Poland between 2008 and 2018. Body height, body weight and subscapular and triceps skinfolds were measured in 2167 children aged 3-7 years from Kraków.

Intergenerational changes in limb circumferences in children and adolescents aged 3-18 from Kraków (Poland) from 1983 to 2010.

Objectives: Measurements of body circumferences are often used in anthropology. The research on this topic, however, rarely concerns limb girths or secular trends. The main aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of secular trends in selected limb circumferences among children and adolescents.

Overweight and obesity risk factors in children aged 3-7 years: a prospective study in the city of Kraków.

Background: Early identified factors determining overweight and obesity in childhood may be important for preventive purposes.

Aim: To evaluate the influence of the commonly accepted and hypothetical risk factors for overweight/obesity and their mutual relations, using the method of classification trees.

Subjects And Methods: The data were collected during anthropometric surveys carried out in 2010 in Kraków, Poland.

Intergenerational changes in chest size and proportions in children and adolescents aged 3-18 from Kraków (Poland), within the last 70 years.

Objectives: The size and proportions of the human body change continuously in response to social change and economic development. As reported by papers on intergenerational changes in chest size, this part of the human body is also influenced by environmental factors. The aim of this study was to assess changes in the dimensions and proportions of the chest of children and adolescents over a span of 70 years.

Abdominal obesity screening tools in the aspects of secular trend.

The growing number of children suffering from abdominal obesity has resulted in a search for a cheap and reliable method for their detection. The aim of the study was to identify whether the measurements and indicators used to assess this type of obesity are equally suitable for this purpose for each population, and additionally to investigate intergenerational changes in measurements and indicators used to determine the prevalence of abdominal obesity. Three cross-sectional anthropological studies were made in 1983, 2000 and 2010.

Long-term changes in body proportions since 1983 to 2010 in children and adolescents from Kraków (Poland).

The aim of the study was to assess changes in body proportions and the rate of growth in boys and girls from the population of Kraków (Poland) in the years 1983-2010. The children and adolescents analyzed in this study were included in three cross-sectional surveys conducted in Kraków in 1983, 2000 and 2010. The sample sizes were the following: 3,214 boys and 3,250 girls in 1983, 2,381 boys and 2,096 girls in 2000, 1,889 boys and 1,989 girls in 2010.

Physical fitness of overweight and underweight preschool children from southern Poland.

The main aim of this study was to assess differences in the level of physical fitness between children of preschool age with different BMI, as overweight and obesity are an increasing problem even in this age group. The study group consisted of 3,945 children aged 4 to 6 years living in southern Poland. Analysis included the results of body height and weight measurements (from which BMI was calculated) and motor skills tests: sit-and-reach test, standing broad jump and handgrip strength.

Sex differences in prevalence of overweight and obesity, and in extent of overweight index, in children and adolescents (3-18 years) from Kraków, Poland in 1983, 2000 and 2010.

Objective: The increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity among children is now an important health problem. This fact, however, does not reflect the scale of the problem. The aim of the present study was to find how much the BMI threshold was exceeded in a population from Kraków.

Time trends in BMI, body fatness, and adiposity rebound among boys from Kraków (Poland) from 1983 to 2010.

Objectives: The prevalence of childhood obesity has been increasing during the last decades in many countries, but less is known about secular trends in growth curves covering the whole childhood span. The main purpose of this study was to explore changes in body weight, height, BMI, percent body fat (%BF), adiposity rebound (AR), and pubertal timing in boys from Kraków between 1983 and 2010.

Methods: Totally, 4,986 boys (3-18 years) were measured during cross-sectional studies.

[Worrying behaviour in pre-school children aged three to seven years: a factor analysis of the results of a questionnaire].

Aim: The aims of the study were: 1) the assessment of the interaction between the factors specified for behavioural problems observed in pre-school children based on a factor analysis and 2) the assessment of the relationship the specified factors have with the age and gender of the study group.

Method: A factor analysis based on a Principal Component Analysis of the main results of a Disturbing Behaviour Questionnaire (DBQ) completed by pre-school teachers, which includes categories of behaviour observed among pre-school age children that provoke the greatest concern among parents, guardians and educators.

Material: Nine-hundred and sixty-one children aged from 2.

Long-term changes in body composition and prevalence of overweight and obesity in girls (aged 3-18 years) from Kraków (Poland) from 1983, 2000 and 2010.

Background: Body mass disorders are an increasing problem, especially in industrialized countries.

Aim: Determination of time- and age-related differences in the prevalence of overweight, obesity and in body composition in girls from 1983, 2000 and 2010.

Subject And Methods: In 2010 an anthropological study was conducted on 1970 girls aged 3-18 years living in Kraków (Poland).

Long-term changes in BMI and adiposity rebound among girls from Kraków (Poland) over the last 30 years (from 1983 to 2010).

Background: Early adiposity rebound (AR, below 5 years) is an important predictor of adult obesity.

Objectives: The main purpose of this study was to explore changes in body weight and height, BMI, body fat, and AR timing in girls from Krakow within the last 3 decades.

Methods: 1,970 girls were measured in 2010.

Physical development of girls from Krakow in the aspect of socioeconomical changes in Poland (1938-2010).

Objectives: This survey aimed at analyzing secular changes in the development of girls from Krakow, in the first decade of the 21st century, against the background of transformations observed in the previous century.

Methods: The data collected during a survey conducted in Krakow in 2010, in which the measurements of a total of 1,974 girls aged 3.5-18.

Secular trends in body composition and frequency of overweight and obesity in boys aged 3-18 from Krakow, Poland, within the last 30 years (from 1983 to 2010).

The aim of this study was to examine the changes in body composition (fatness and muscle and bone mass) and BMI in three cohorts of boys living in Krakow, Poland, over the last 30 years, and to assess how overweight and obesity frequencies have developed over the period. The anthropological survey was conducted in 2010, and comprised 1863 boys from Krakow aged 3-18 years. The analysis compared the latest measurements of selected skinfold thicknesses, BMI, total body muscle mass and bone mass with the results of surveys from 1983 (N=1934) and 2000 (N=2323).

Secular changes in height, body weight, body mass index and pubertal development in male children and adolescents in Krakow, Poland.

This study examined the secular changes in height, body weight, body mass index and pubertal development in male children and adolescents in Krakow (Poland) over the past 80 years, with an emphasis on the last decade (2000-2010). The survey of the population of Krakow is a continuation of observations conducted in that area for many years. The analysis aims to determine whether in the last decade Krakow still witnessed the secular trend, and what form the trend took.