The gilled mushroom Agaricus crocodilinus (Agaricaceae) analyzed in this study hyperaccumulated Cd and showed common Zn and very low Mn concentrations. To gain an insight into the handling of heavy metals in this saprotrophic species, its two genes of the cation diffusion facilitator (CDF) protein family were isolated, AcCDF1 and AcCDF2, encoding the membrane transporters of the Zn-CDF and Mn-CDF subfamilies, respectively. When expressed in the model, metal-sensitive yeast, AcCDF1 conferred marked Zn tolerance and promoted the intracellular accumulation of Zn.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThelephora penicillata is an ectomycorrhizal mushroom that can accumulate extraordinarily high concentrations of Cd, As, Cu, and Zn in its fruit-bodies. To better understand its element accumulation ability, we compared the element concentrations in T. penicillata with 10 distinct ectomycorrhizal mushroom species growing at the same site (Karlina Pila, Czech Republic).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAmanita muscaria is an ectomycorrhizal mushroom that commonly grows at metal-polluted sites. Sporocarps from the lead smelter-polluted area near Příbram (Central Bohemia, Czech Republic) showed elevated concentrations of Cd and Zn. Size exclusion chromatography of the cell extracts of the sporocarps from both polluted and unpolluted sites indicated that substantial part of intracellular Cd and Zn was sequestered in 6-kDa complexes, presumably with metallothionein(s) (MT).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFruit-bodies of six Thelephora species (Fungi, Basidiomycota, Thelephoraceae) were analyzed for their trace element concentrations. In Thelephora penicillata, extremely high concentrations of Cd and As were found, followed by highly elevated concentrations of Cu and Zn. The highest accumulation ability was found for Cd with a mean concentration of 1.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCystoderma carcharias is one of the few macrofungal species that can hyperaccumulate Cd. As we have previously documented in C. carcharias collected from a smelter-polluted area, it stores 40% of Cd and nearly 90% of Cu in sporocarps in complex(es) of identical size.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPollution and poisoning with carcinogenic arsenic (As) is of major concern globally. Interestingly, there are ferns that can naturally tolerate remarkably high As concentrations in soils while hyperaccumulating this metalloid in their fronds. Besides Pteris vittata in which As-related traits and molecular determinants have been studied in detail, the As hyperaccumulation status has been attributed also to Pteris cretica.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAmanita strobiliformis (European Pine Cone Lepidella) is an ectomycorrhizal fungus of the Amanitaceae family known to hyperaccumulate Ag in the sporocarps. Two populations (ecotypes) of A. strobiliformis collected from two urban forest plantations in Prague, Czech Republic, were investigated.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHomeostatic mechanisms preventing the toxicity of heavy metal ions in cells involve, among others, compartmentalization and binding with peptidaceous ligands, particularly the cysteinyl-rich metallothioneins (MTs). We have previously shown that in natural conditions Zn-overaccumulating ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungus Russula bresadolae stores nearly 40% of Zn bound with cysteinyl- and hystidyl-containing RaZBP peptides, which resemble MTs, while the detoxification of Zn and Cd in EM Hebeloma mesophaeum relies upon compartmentalization in small vesicles and vacuoles, respectively. Here, we examined the performance of RaZBP1 gene expressed in H.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIt has been firmly established that macrofungi can accumulate large amounts of heavy metals in their sporocarps. However, the mechanisms of the accumulation and storage are being uncovered only recently. We have previously documented that Russula bresadolae can accumulate over 1 g Zn kg dry weight and that sequestration of a substantial proportion of overaccumulated Zn involves binding with peptides, RaZBPs, seen so far only in this species.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHebeloma mesophaeum is an ectomycorrhizal fungus frequently associated with metal disturbed environments. In this work, we examined Ag, Cd, and Zn tolerance of H. mesophaeum isolates from heavy metal-polluted (isolate Prib) and clean (isolate Rez) sites.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCollections of Cystoderma carcharias sporocarps were sampled from clean and smelter-polluted sites and analyzed for Ag, As, Cd, Cu, Pb, Se, and Zn contents. Concentrations of all elements were significantly higher in samples from the smelter-polluted area. Except for As and Pb, all elements were effectively accumulated in the sporocarps at both clean and polluted sites.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAs we have shown previously, the Cu and Ag concentrations in the sporocarps of Ag-hyperaccumulating are correlated, and both metals share the same uptake system and are sequestered by the same metallothioneins intracellularly. To further improve our knowledge of the Cu and Ag handling in cells, we searched its transcriptome for the P-ATPases, recognizing Cu and Ag for transport. We identified transcripts encoding 1097-amino acid (AA) AsCRD1 and 978-AA AsCCC2, which were further subjected to functional studies in metal sensitive .
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA search of R. atropurpurea transcriptome for sequences encoding the transporters of the Zrt-, Irt-like Protein (ZIP) family, which are in eukaryotes integral to Zn supply into cytoplasm, allowed the identification of RaZIP1 cDNA with a predicted product belonging to ZIP I subfamily; it was subjected to functional studies in mutant Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains. The expression of RaZIP1, but not RaZIP1 or RaZIP1 mutants lacking conserved-among-ZIPs transmembrane histidyls, complemented Zn uptake deficiency in zrt1Δzrt2Δ yeasts.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRussula atropurpurea can accumulate remarkably high concentrations of Zn in its sporocarps. We have previously demonstrated that 40 % of the intracellular Zn in this species is sequestered by MT-like RaZBP peptides. To see what other mechanisms for the handling of the accumulated Zn are available to R.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHomeostatic mechanisms preventing the toxicity of free Zn ions in cells involve, among others, cytosolic Zn-binding ligands, particularly the cysteine-rich metallothioneins (MTs). Here we examined the Zn-binding peptides of Russula atropurpurea, an ectomycorrhizal fungus known for its ability to accumulate high amounts of Zn in its sporocarps. The Zn complexes and their peptide ligands were characterized using chromatography, electrophoresis after fluorescent labeling of cysteine residues, and tandem mass spectrometry.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSequestration of intracellular heavy metals in eukaryotes involves compartmentalization and binding with cytosolic, cysteine-rich metallothionein (MT) peptides. We examined the roles of these processes in handling of zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd) and silver (Ag) in sporocarps and a metal-exposed extraradical mycelium of Hebeloma mesophaeum, the Zn-accumulating ectomycorrhizal (EM) species frequently associated with metal disturbed sites. Size exclusion chromatography revealed that the majority of Zn and Cd in the sporocarps and mycelium was contained in a low molecular mass fraction attributable to compartmentalized metal.
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