Publications by authors named "Jan Rupp"

Background: Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae) is a common pathogen of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Epidemics occur every 3-7 years especially in pediatric patients.

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Objectives: Despite the substantial rates of viral etiology in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), empirical antibiotic therapy is regularly administered. This study compared the clinical presentation, antibiotic use, and outcomes of patients based on the identified causative pathogens.

Methods: Patients that were immunocompetent and had CAP from the international, multicenter prospective cohort study on CAP (CAPNETZ) from 2007 to 2017 with available multiplex polymerase chain reaction testing for bacterial and viral pathogens from sputum were included.

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Objectives: To evaluate the impact of rapid diagnostic testing (RDT) combined with immediate infectious disease (ID) consultation on the treatment of septic patients with positive blood cultures in intensive care units in a setting without 24/7 service.

Methods: Adult ICU patients in a tertiary care hospital with positive blood cultures were included from January 2019 to December 2020. The control group underwent routine laboratory testing, and for the intervention group, RDT was applied with immediate ID consultation.

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Unlabelled: Antimicrobial resistance development, particularly in infections such as urinary tract infections (UTIs), is a global clinical concern. The objective of this study was to determine if sequential antibiotic exposure with ciprofloxacin and mecillinam can reduce the growth of resistant clinical strains, thus improving the effectiveness of antibiotic therapy. Six isolates with heterogeneous resistance to ciprofloxacin and/or mecillinam obtained from patients with UTIs were exposed to one of the antibiotics (0.

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Introduction: Delayed enteral nutrition is associated with a higher risk for adverse outcomes in extremely preterm infants. Limited evidence exists on therapeutic options to support meconium evacuation and increase gastrointestinal motility. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of macrogol on feeding tolerance and microbiome establishment in preterm infants <27 weeks of gestation.

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Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a major global health concern as it is a leading cause of morbidity, mortality and economic burden to the health care systems. In Germany, more than 15,000 people die every year from CAP. Climate change is altering weather patterns, and it may influence the probability and severity of CAP.

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Article Synopsis
  • Haemophilus influenzae is a bacterial pathogen that can cause serious infections, and the rise of certain resistant strains is complicating treatment options for patients.
  • A study was conducted to analyze the relationship between genetic mutations in a specific protein (PBP3) and the bacteria's resistance to ampicillin and cefotaxime using a large dataset of clinical isolates.
  • Results showed that particular groups of PBP3 mutations were linked to increased resistance, while some strains previously thought to be susceptible actually displayed low specificity for ampicillin resistance, suggesting the need for updated diagnostic criteria.
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Background: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) remains a leading cause of infectious disease mortality globally, necessitating intensive care unit (ICU) admission for ∼10% of hospitalised patients. Accurate prediction of disease severity facilitates timely therapeutic interventions.

Methods: Our study aimed to enhance the predictive capacity of the clinical CRB-65 score by evaluating eight candidate biomarkers: troponin T high-sensitive (TnT-hs), procalcitonin (PCT), N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide, angiopoietin-2, copeptin, endothelin-1, lipocalin-2 and mid-regional pro-adrenomedullin.

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Purpose: To analyze the longitudinal epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) patterns of Gram-negative bloodstream infections (BSI) in Germany.

Methods: Post-hoc analysis of prospectively documented BSI due to Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Enterobacter spp.

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The obligate intracellular bacterial genus Chlamydia harbours species with zoonotic potential, particularly C. psittaci, causative agent of psittacosis, and C. abortus, which may lead to miscarriage in pregnant women.

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Objective: We hypothesized that previously healthy infants < 90 days of age with late-onset sepsis (LOS) have disturbances of the gut microbiome with yet undefined specific immunological patterns.

Methods: We performed a prospective single-center convenience sample study between January 2019 and July 2021 in a case-control design. Routine diagnostics included conventional cultures (blood, cerebrospinal fluid, urine), PCRs and inflammatory markers in infants aged < 90 days with clinical LOS.

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Article Synopsis
  • * A study in Vietnam involving 330 patients compared the BioFire FilmArray Meningitis/Encephalitis (FAME) Panel to traditional diagnostic methods, with FAME showing an 87% agreement rate and detecting 19% of specimens.
  • * While FAME offers rapid pathogen detection, it's not a complete replacement for traditional methods and should be tailored to local disease patterns to improve healthcare outcomes.
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Importance: The effects of probiotic interventions on colonization with resistant bacteria and early microbiome development in preterm infants remain to be clarified.

Objective: To examine the efficacy of Bifidobacterium longum subsp infantis, Bifidobacterium animalis subsp lactis (BB-12), and Lactobacillus acidophilus (La-5) probiotics to prevent colonization with multidrug-resistant organisms or highly epidemic bacteria (MDRO+) and to shape the microbiome of preterm infants toward the eubiotic state of healthy full-term infants.

Design, Setting, And Participants: The multicenter, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, group sequential, phase 3 Priming Immunity at the Beginning of Life (PRIMAL) randomized clinical trial, conducted from April 2018 to June 2020, included infants with gestational age of 28 to 32 weeks at 18 German neonatal units.

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  • The study examined how often and significantly Herpes simplex virus (HSV) reactivates in patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and identified potential risk factors.
  • It analyzed data from adult CAP patients in the CAPNETZ study (2007-2017), where both sputum and blood samples were tested for HSV, focusing on demographics and clinical outcomes.
  • Results showed that HSV-1 was present in 12.2% of patients, but its presence didn’t correlate with worse outcomes, suggesting that while HSV reactivation is common, it may not complicate the disease significantly.
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  • Chronic Otitis Media (COM) is a long-term ear infection caused by bacteria due to issues with the eardrum and often involves antibiotic resistance.
  • Research evaluated the natural drug 1,8-Cineol as an off-label treatment for COM, showing it reduced harmful bacteria and led to better health outcomes in some patients.
  • This study highlights the anti-inflammatory benefits of 1,8-Cineol, suggesting potential improvements in treatment options for COM with further investigation into how it works.
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Unlabelled: Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPI) have been proven successful in a population-based approach to protect from SARS-CoV-2 transmission during the COVID-19 pandemic. As a consequential-effect, a reduction in the spread of all respiratory viruses has been observed, but the primary factors behind this phenomenon have yet to be identified. We conducted a subgroup analysis of participants from the ELISA study, a prospective longitudinal cohort study on SARS-CoV-2 transmission, at four timepoints from November 2020 - September 2022.

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Background: The rise of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-E) in low- and middle-income countries limits treatment options, leading to the frequent use of broad-spectrum antibiotics. Reducing time-to-result for a urinary infection can facilitate correct antibiotic treatment and support antimicrobial and diagnostic stewardship measures. This study compared two simplified enrichment methods for detecting CTX-M directly from urine specimens.

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Unlabelled: is a ubiquitous, opportunistic human pathogen. Since it often expresses multidrug resistance, new treatment options are urgently required. Such new treatments are usually assessed with one of the canonical laboratory strains, PAO1 or PA14.

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Background: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a major global cause of death and hospitalization. Bacteria or community-acquired viruses (CARVs) cause CAP. COVID-19 associated restrictions effectively reduced the circulation of CARVs.

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Purpose: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and non-COVID-19 community-acquired pneumonia (NC-CAP) often result in hospitalization with considerable risks of mortality, ICU treatment, and long-term morbidity. A comparative analysis of clinical outcomes in COVID-19 CAP (C-CAP) and NC-CAP may improve clinical management.

Methods: Using prospectively collected CAPNETZ study data (January 2017 to June 2021, 35 study centers), we conducted a comprehensive analysis of clinical outcomes including in-hospital death, ICU treatment, length of hospital stay (LOHS), 180-day survival, and post-discharge re-hospitalization rate.

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Asymptomatic long-term carriers of Shigatoxin producing (STEC) are regarded as potential source of STEC-transmission. The prevention of outbreaks via onward spread of STEC is a public health priority. Accordingly, health authorities are imposing far-reaching restrictions on asymptomatic STEC carriers in many countries.

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Article Synopsis
  • - The study analyzed trends of bloodstream infections (BSI) caused by Enterococcus spp. in adult patients at German tertiary care centers from October 2016 to June 2020, finding a significant increase in cases over this period.
  • - Among 3001 identified patients, E. faecium was the most prevalent species (61%), and the study revealed a concerning rise in vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), which accounted for more than 12% of cases by 2020.
  • - The increase in VRE BSI is linked to factors like prior antibiotic use and invasive procedures, emphasizing the need for better treatment options due to the high mortality associated with these infections.
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