Rotor-Stator Emulsification in the Turbulent Inertial Regime: Experiments toward a Robust Correlation for the Droplet Size.

The Sauter mean diameter, , is a representative parameter in emulsions that indicates the average size of the oil droplets once the emulsion becomes stable. Several mathematical and physical approaches have been employed in the literature to seek expressions for under different conditions. The present work sheds light on this rich literature and emphasizes that the characterization of emulsions is still a fertile field for investigation.

On the comparison between pre- and post-surgery nasal anatomies via computational fluid dynamics.

Nasal breathing difficulties (NBD) are widespread and difficult to diagnose; the failure rate of their surgical corrections is high. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) enables diagnosis of NBD and surgery planning, by comparing a pre-operative (pre-op) situation with the outcome of virtual surgery (post-op). An equivalent comparison is involved when considering distinct anatomies in the search for the functionally normal nose.

The Role of Endogenous Proteins on the Emulsification of Silicone Oils Used in Vitreoretinal Surgery.

The present work is aimed at investigating the chemicophysical properties of the interface between silicone oils (SOs) used in vitreoretinal surgery and aqueous solutions, in the presence of surfactant biomolecules. Such molecules are thought to play an important role in the formation of SO emulsions in vitrectomised eyes, in which the natural vitreous body has been replaced with a SO. In particular, we have measured the interfacial tension (IT) and the interfacial dilational viscoelasticity (DV) of the interface between SO (Siluron 1000) and serum proteins (albumin and -globulins) at various concentrations in a Dulbecco alkaline buffer.

Gas-Graft Coverage After DMEK: A Clinically Validated Numeric Study.

Purpose: We investigate the influence of positioning, gas fill, and anterior chamber size on bubble configuration and graft coverage after Descemet's membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK).

Methods: We use a mathematical model to study the bubble shape and graft coverage in eyes of varying anterior chamber depths (ACD). The governing equations are solved numericly using the open source software OpenFOAM.

A Mathematical Model of Corneal Metabolism in the Presence of an Iris-Fixated Phakic Intraocular Lens.

Purpose: Corneal endothelial cell loss is one of the possible complications associated with phakic iris-fixated intraocular lens (PIOL) implantation. We postulate that this might be connected to the alteration of corneal metabolism secondary to the lens implantation.

Methods: A mathematical model of transport and consumption/production of metabolic species in the cornea is proposed, coupled with a model of aqueous flow and transport of metabolic species in the anterior chamber.

A Study of the Mechanical Forces on Aphakic Iris-Fixated Intraocular Lenses.

Iris-fixated aphakic intraocular lenses (IFIOL) are used in cataract surgery when more common intraocular lenses (IOL) cannot be adopted because of the absence of capsular bag support. These lenses can be implanted on either the posterior or the anterior surface of the iris. In this work, we study whether one of these options is preferable over the other from the mechanical point of view.

Flow in the anterior chamber of the eye with an implanted iris-fixated artificial lens.

Flow in the aqueous humour that fills the anterior chamber of the eye occurs in response to the production and drainage of the aqueous humour, and also due to buoyancy effects produced by thermal gradients. Phakic intraocular lenses are manufactured lenses that are surgically inserted in the eyes of patients to correct refractive errors. Their presence has a dramatic effect on the circulation of the aqueous humour, resulting a very different flow in the anterior chamber, the effects of which have not been extensively investigated.

Phakic iris-fixated intraocular lens placement in the anterior chamber: effects on aqueous flow.

Purpose: Phakic intraocular lenses (pIOLs) are used for correcting vision; in this paper we investigate the fluid dynamical effects of an iris-fixated lens in the anterior chamber. In particular, we focus on changes in the wall shear stress (WSS) on the cornea and iris, which could be responsible for endothelial and pigment cell loss, respectively, and also on the possible increase of the intraocular pressure, which is known to correlate with the incidence of secondary glaucoma.

Methods: We use a mathematical model to study fluid flow in the anterior chamber in the presence of a pIOL.

Mechanical models of the dynamics of vitreous substitutes.

We discuss some aspects of the fluid dynamics of vitreous substitutes in the vitreous chamber, focussing on the flow induced by rotations of the eye bulb. We use simple, yet not trivial, theoretical models to highlight mechanical concepts that are relevant to understand the dynamics of vitreous substitutes and also to identify ideal properties for vitreous replacement fluids. We first recall results by previous authors, showing that the maximum shear stress on the retina grows with increasing viscosity of the fluid up to a saturation value.