Understanding nutrient throughput of operational RAS farm effluents to support semi-commercial aquaponics: Easy upgrade possible beyond controversies.

The present research attempted to address a key industry-level question amidst Recirculating Aquaculture System (RAS) waste throughput and aquaponics limitations controversies. Nutrient throughput of three operational RAS farms with progressive size proportions (16, 130, 1400 m), aquaculture intensity (24, 62, 86 kg stock m) were studied. Results suggest - daily total efflux and potency of nutrients in effluents should not be generalized, extreme variability exists.

Nutritional value of several commercially important river fish species from the Czech Republic.

Proximate and fatty acid (FA) composition of seven freshwater fish species from the Czech Republic were examined. Moreover, the index of atherogenicity (IA) and the index of thrombogenicity (IT) were calculated from the obtained data. These two indices along with the total content of the essential n-3 FAs, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) as well as the ratio of n-6/n3 FAs, provide good indicators for the nutritional value of the fish.