Invasive and noninvasive assessment of exercise-induced ischemic diastolic response using pressure transducers.

Left ventricular (LV) pressure curve shows early high-magnitude changes in the presence of induced ischemia. A dramatic rise in LV and left atrial end-diastolic pressures occurs within seconds to minutes in the presence of ischemia induced by dynamic or handgrip exercise as well as pacing of 38 to 183% and during short coronary balloon occlusion of 32 to 208% of baseline. Changes in relaxation or volumetric filling rate or ejection fraction were significantly less pronounced.