Muscle coordination, activation and kinematics of world-class and elite breaststroke swimmers during submaximal and maximal efforts.

The aims of this study were to describe muscular activation patterns and kinematic variables during the complete stroke cycle (SC) and the different phases of breaststroke swimming at submaximal and maximal efforts. Surface electromyography (sEMG) was collected from eight muscles in nine elite swimmers; five females (age 20.3 ± 5.

Effect of single bout versus repeated bouts of stretching on muscle recovery following eccentric exercise.

Objectives: To analyze the effects of a single bout and repeated bouts of stretching on indirect markers of exercise-induced muscle damage.

Design: A randomized controlled clinical trial at a university human research laboratory was conducted.

Methods: Fifty-six untrained males were randomly divided into four groups.

An Acute Bout of Quadriceps Muscle Stretching has no Influence on Knee Joint Proprioception.

The main objective of this study was to determine if an acute bout of static stretching of the quadriceps muscle affects the sense of joint position, the threshold to detect passive movement, and the sense of force. Thirty young, healthy men (age : 22.1 ± 2.

Evidence of the physiotherapeutic interventions used currently after exercise-induced muscle damage: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Exhaustive and/or unaccustomed exercise, mainly involving eccentric muscle actions, induces temporary muscle damage, evidenced by delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) and decreased muscle function. Different strategies to recover from its signs and symptoms have been studied and, as a result, a significant number of articles on this issue have been published.

Objective: To assess whether some modalities currently used in physiotherapy such as massage, cryotherapy, stretching and low-intensity exercise are effective for treating the signs and symptoms of exercise-induced muscle damage.

Gender differences in the kinematics and ball velocity of overarm throwing in elite team handball players.

The aim of this study was to investigate the throwing velocity and kinematics of overarm throwing in team handball of elite female and male handball players. Kinematics and ball velocity of a 7 metre-throw in eleven elite male (age 23.6 ± 5.

EMG activation of abdominal muscles in the crunch exercise performed with different external loads.

Objective: The aim of this study was to describe by means of surface electromyography the activation of the rectus abdominis, obliquus externus and rectus femoris muscles during the "crunch" abdominal exercise performed with loads.

Methods: Thirteen subjects performed crunch exercises with loads representing 80, 60, 40 and 20% of the 1-RM (100%) in a random order with the subjects drawing lots, and with a 5 min rest between sets. Surface bipolar EMG electrodes were used.