Anti-Inflammatory Activity of a Cyclic Tetrapeptide in Mouse and Human Experimental Models.

A cyclic tetrapeptide Pro-Pro-Pheβho-Phe (4B8M) was tested for immunosuppressive activity and potential therapeutic utility in several in vitro and in vivo mouse and human models. The tetrapeptide was less toxic for mouse splenocytes in comparison to cyclosporine A (CsA) and a parent cyclolinopeptide (CLA). The tetrapeptide demonstrated potent anti-inflammatory properties in antigen-specific skin inflammatory reactions to oxazolone and toluene diisocyanate as well to nonspecific irritants such as salicylic acid.

Three-Component Reaction of Diamines with Triethyl Orthoformate and Diethyl Phosphite and Anti-Proliferative and Antiosteoporotic Activities of the Products.

A three-component reaction between diamines (diaminobenzenes, diaminocyclohexanes, and piperazines), triethyl orthoformate, and diethyl phosphite was studied in some detail. In the case of 1,3- and 1,4-diamines and piperazines, products of the substitution of two amino moieties-the corresponding tetraphosphonic acids-were obtained. In the cases of 1,2-diaminobenzene, 1,2-diaminocyclohexanes and 1,2-diaminocyclohexenes, only one amino group reacted.

Micromorphological assessment of bone tissue remodeling in various hip degeneration conditions.

Background: The reorganization of bone tissue is closely associated with its metabolism and changes in its internal structure. Metabolism of the bone, which results from the simultaneous processes of resorption and formation of new bone tissue, may depend on the presence and type of arthritis.

Objectives: The objective of the study was to assess, based on the morphological features and mineral composition of bone tissue, changes in the femoral head in various types of hip joint degeneration.

Therapeutic effects of an azaphenothiazine derivative in mouse experimental colitis.

Phenothiazines represent a class of compounds of potential therapeutic utility. In this report we evaluated therapeutic value of an azaphenothiazine derivative, 6-acetylaminobutyl-9-chloroquino[3,2-b]benzo[1,4]thiazine (QBT), given intragastrically, in the model of dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis in C57BL/6 mice using 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) as a reference drug. Colitis symptoms such as body weight loss, diarrhea and hematochezia (blood in stool) were observed and registered and disease activity index (DAI) was calculated.

A Case of Syphilis with High Bone Arsenic Concentration from Early Modern Cemetery (Wroclaw, Poland).

Venereal syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease caused by Treponema pallidum - Gram-negative, slowly growing bacteria. The spread of the disease in the Old World was due to increased birth rate, urban population growth, migration and lack of knowledge concerning the epidemiology. In the past, the treatment was mainly symptomatic and included application of mercury compounds.

Topically applied azaphenothiazines inhibit experimental psoriasis in mice.

The therapeutic efficacy of topically applied azaphenothiazine derivatives: 9-chloro-6-acetylaminobutylquinobenzo[3,2-b][1,4]thiazine (compound 4) and 6-chloroethylureidoethyldiquino[3,2-b;2';3'-e][1,4]thiazine (compound 5) in the amelioration of inflammatory symptoms of imiquimod-induced psoriasis in mice was investigated. Clobederm®, containing clobetasol propioniate, served as a reference drug. The application of the compounds led to thinning of the epidermis and reduction of the cell layers.

Effect of Glucocorticoids on Ultrastructure of Myocardial Muscle in the Course of Experimentally Induced Acute Myocardial Ischemia.

The search for effective methods of myocardial cytoprotection against ischemia is the most significant issue in modern cardiology and cardiac surgery. Glucocorticoids are deemed very strong modulators of inflammatory response and thus can potentially protect heart muscle from postreperfusion injury and myocardial ischemia during cardiac surgery. Ultrastructural examination of the left ventricle heart samples revealed that the intravenous application of dexamethasone and hydrocortisone proved to exert cytoprotective effect on cardiomyocytes during experimentally induced acute ischemia in rats.

Topically applied azaphenothiazines inhibit contact sensitivity to oxazolone in mice.

In this work we investigated the efficacy of two topically applied azaphenothiazine derivatives, 9-chloro-6-acetylaminobutylquinobenzo[3,2-b][1,4]thiazine (compound 4) and 6-chloroethylureidoethyldiquino[3,2-b;2';3'-e][1,4]thiazine (compound 5), in the amelioration of inflammatory symptoms of contact sensitivity (CS) to oxazolone in mice, in relation to the commercial ointment Protopic® (tacrolimus), the reference drug. The compounds were administered 24 h following elicitation of CS and, 24 h later, the parameters of inflammation, such as ear edema, blood composition, leukocyte level, numbers of cells in the draining lymph nodes, histological picture of the inflamed tissue, and the morphometric analysis, were analyzed. The study showed that the effectiveness of the studied azaphenothiazines applied as a 0.

Collateral sprouting axons of end-to-side nerve coaptation in the avulsion of ventral branches of the C5-C6 spinal nerves in the brachial plexus.

Introduction: This study assessed the collateral sprouting in avulsion of the ventral branches of the C5 and C6 spinal nerves treated by coaptation of these nerves to the C7 spinal nerve on the brachial plexus of rabbits.

Material And Methods: Thirty-six New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into four groups: end-to-side coaptation (ESN) (n = 12), side-to-side coaptation (SSN) (n = 12), direct neurorrhaphy (end-to-end) (EEN) (n = 6) and no coaptation (n = 6). The operations were performed on the left brachial plexus.

The rabbit brachial plexus as a model for nerve repair surgery--histomorphometric analysis.

One of the most devastating injuries to the upper limb is trauma caused by the avulsion. The anatomical structure of the rabbit's brachial plexus is similar to the human brachial plexus. The aim of our study was to analyze the microanatomy and provide a detailed investigation of the rabbit's brachial plexus.

Homologous lactoferrin triggers mobilization of the myelocytic lineage of bone marrow in experimental mice.

The effects of lactoferrin (LF), an iron binding protein, on myelopoiesis have been studied extensively in vitro and in vivo in human and murine models over the past three decades. Due to the lack of high-quality homologous LFs, however, the conclusions are still unequivocal. Recently, both human and murine LFs have become available as recombinant products expressed in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines showing mammalian type of glycosylation, thus apparently species compatible.

Calf thymus extract attenuates severity of experimental encephalomyelitis in Lewis rats.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of treatment of Lewis rats with calf thymus extract (TFX®) and its six-peptide fraction on the course of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE). Interferon- ß served as a reference drug. We found that intramuscular administration of the thymus extract fraction significantly reduced clinical, immunological, histological, and ultrastructural alterations inherent in the disease.

Experimental xenoimplantation of antlerogenic cells into mandibular bone lesions in rabbits: two-year follow-up.

Different types of cells require activation, and take part in annual, dynamic growth of deer antlers. Stem cells play the most important role in this process. This report shows the results of a two-year long observation of xenogenic implant of antlerogenic stem cells (cell line MIC-1).

The evaluation of the influence of a high injury to brachial plexus elements on the condition of neurons of the anterior horns of the spinal cord--experimental research.

The aim of the experimental research was to assess the impact of a high damage to brachial plexus elements on the condition of neurons of spinal cord anterior horns. The research was conducted on 12 rabbits, in which the ventral branches of spinal nerves C5-Th1 were severed. During dissections carried out 7, 30, 60, 180 days after the operation the cervicothoracic segment of the spinal cord was collected.

Immunoregulatory function of lactoferrin in immunosuppressed and autoimmune animals.

In this article we review our recent results on the effects of lactoferrin (LF), given orally, on the immune status of mice subjected either to chemotherapy or immobilization stress as well as on rats with experimentally induced autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). We demonstrated that LF accelerated reconstitution of the immune system function after administration of a sublethal dose cyclophosphamide (CP) and normalized the ratio of major blood cell types in that model. Also, after application of methotrexate (MTX) LF was effective to speed up reconstitution of the cellular and humoral immune response.

Experimental studies on the effect of osteotomy technique on the bone regeneration in distraction osteogenesis.

The objective of the experiment was to study the effect of osteotomy technique on the course of bone regeneration in distraction osteogenesis in sheep. Thirty five merino sheep were divided into 5 groups of 7 sheep each, depending on the osteotomy technique: subcutaneous corticotomy, open corticotomy, Cattaneo corticotomy, open osteotomy and osteoclasia. Formation of regenerate and its remodeling was assessed, based on roentgenograms and morphological examination (bone sections, histological evaluation, SEM, superficial X-ray analysis).

Immunosuppressory activity of an isoxazolo[5,4-e]triazepine-compound RM-33 II. Effects on the carrageenan-induced inflammation.

The aim of this investigation was to evaluate effectiveness of RM-33, a new isoxazolotriazepine, in the model of carrageenan-induced inflammation in rats. Wistar rats were pretreated with intraperitoneal (ip) or oral (po) doses of RM-33, at daily doses ranging from 250 to 1000 microg, administered 1-3 days before elicitation of the carrageenan reaction. We showed that both routes of RM-33 administration were effective in significantly diminishing the footpad edema.

[Application of elemental microanalysis for estimation of osteoinduction and osteoconduction of hydroxyapatite bone implants].

Hydroxyapatite (HAp) ceramics based on calcium phosphates, chemical compounds being natural constructive element of bones is now regarded to be one of better implantation materials in osseous surgery and stomatology. HAp is poorly soluble and slowly resorbing in tissues material. Easiness of connecting of hydroxyapatite ceramics with other materials creates possibilities to produce new composites of chemical compounds containing calcium and easier resorbing.

[Macrophages and the expression of endothelin in sulphur dioxide induced bronchitis in rats]].

The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of SO2 on bronchial mucosa in rats. Our interest was focused on macrophages function and expression of endothelin. 20 animals were used in the study; 5 of them constituted the control group, 15 of them were submitted to long term SO2 irritation.