Environmental Implication of Herbicide Use.

One of the guiding principles of the sustainable use of herbicides is their targeted action exclusively against weeds, consisting of blocking photosynthesis and synthesis of amino acids and growth regulators. Herbicides are major elements of plant production, indispensable to the functioning of modern agriculture. Nevertheless, their influence on all elements of the natural environment needs to be continuously controlled.

Revitalization of Soil Contaminated by Petroleum Products Using Materials That Improve the Physicochemical and Biochemical Properties of the Soil.

One of the key challenges in environmental protection is the reclamation of soils degraded by organic pollutants. Effective revitalization of such soils can contribute to improving the climate and the quality of feed and food, mainly by eliminating harmful substances from the food chain and by cultivating plants for energy purposes. To this end, research was carried out using two sorbents, vermiculite and agrobasalt, to detoxify soils contaminated with diesel oil and unleaded gasoline, using maize as an energy crop.

Response of Soil Microbiota, Enzymes, and Plants to the Fungicide Azoxystrobin.

The present study was aimed at assessing the impact of azoxystrobin-a fungicide commonly used in plant protection against pathogens (Amistar 250 SC)-on the soil microbiota and enzymes, as well as plant growth and development. The laboratory experiment was conducted in three analytical terms (30, 60, and 90 days) on sandy clay (pH-7.0).

Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Innovative Sorbents in Restoring Enzymatic Activity of Soil Contaminated with Bisphenol A (BPA).

As part of the multifaceted strategies developed to shape the common environmental policy, considerable attention is now being paid to assessing the degree of environmental degradation in soil under xenobiotic pressure. Bisphenol A (BPA) has only been marginally investigated in this ecosystem context. Therefore, research was carried out to determine the biochemical properties of soils contaminated with BPA at two levels of contamination: 500 mg and 1000 mg BPA kg d.

Bisphenols-A Threat to the Natural Environment.

Negative public sentiment built up around bisphenol A (BPA) follows growing awareness of the frequency of this chemical compound in the environment. The increase in air, water, and soil contamination by BPA has also generated the need to replace it with less toxic analogs, such as Bisphenol F (BPF) and Bisphenol S (BPS). However, due to the structural similarity of BPF and BPS to BPA, questions arise about the safety of their usage.

Bacteria, Fungi, and Enzymes in Soil Treated with Sulcotrione and Terbuthylazine.

Soil's biological equilibrium, disturbed by the uncontrolled penetration of pesticides, can be restored by the activity of native microorganisms, which show abilities in neutralizing these xenobiotics. Therefore, this research is necessary in the search for new microorganisms used in the process of the bioremediation of contaminated soils. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the herbicides, Sulcogan 300 SC, Tezosar 500 SC, and Sulcotrek 500 SC, applied to soil at the manufacturers' recommended dosage as well as 10-fold higher, on the abundance of microorganisms, the diversity and structure of bacterial and fungal communities, the activity of soil enzymes, and the growth and development of L.

Microbial Diversity and Enzyme Activity as Indicators of Permethrin-Exposed Soil Health.

Owing to their wide range of applications in the control of ticks and insects in horticulture, forestry, agriculture and food production, pyrethroids pose a significant threat to the environment, including a risk to human health. Hence, it is extremely important to gain a sound understanding of the response of plants and changes in the soil microbiome induced by permethrin. The purpose of this study has been to show the diversity of microorganisms, activity of soil enzymes and growth of following the application of permethrin.

Evaluation and Assessment of Trivalent and Hexavalent Chromium on and Soil Enzymes.

Chromium (Cr) can exist in several oxidation states, but the two most stable forms-Cr(III) and Cr(VI)-have completely different biochemical characteristics. The aim of the present study was to evaluate how soil contamination with Cr(III) and Cr(VI) in the presence of NaEDTA affects L. biomass; assess the remediation capacity of L.

The Usability of Sorbents in Restoring Enzymatic Activity in Soils Polluted with Petroleum-Derived Products.

Due to their ability to adsorb or absorb chemical pollutants, including organic compounds, sorbents are increasingly used in the reclamation of soils subjected to their pressure, which results from their high potential in eliminating xenobiotics. The precise optimization of the reclamation process is required, focused primarily on restoring the condition of the soil. This research are essential for seeking materials sufficiently potent to accelerate the remediation process and for expanding knowledge related to biochemical transformations that lead to the neutralization of these pollutants.

The Impact of Permethrin and Cypermethrin on Plants, Soil Enzyme Activity, and Microbial Communities.

Pyrethroids are insecticides most commonly used for insect control to boost agricultural production. The aim of the present research was to determine the effect of permethrin and cypermethrin on cultured and non-cultivated bacteria and fungi and on the activity of soil enzymes, as well as to determine the usefulness of in mitigating the adverse effects of the tested pyrethroids on the soil microbiome. The analyses were carried out in the samples of both soil not sown with any plant and soil sown with .

Sensitivity of and Soil Microorganisms to the Toxic Effect of Chromium (VI).

Chromium is used in many settings, and hence, it can easily enter the natural environment. It exists in several oxidation states. In soil, depending on its oxidation-reduction potential, it can occur in bivalent, trivalent or hexavalent forms.

Effects of Tebuconazole Application on Soil Microbiota and Enzymes.

Identification of pesticide impact on the soil microbiome is of the utmost significance today. Diagnosing the response of bacteria to tebuconazole, used for plant protection, may help isolate the most active bacteria applicable in the bioaugmentation of soils contaminated with this preparation. Bearing in mind the above, a study was undertaken to test the effect of tebuconazole on the diversity of bacteria at all taxonomic levels and on the activity of soil enzymes.

Evaluation of the Usefulness of Sorbents in the Remediation of Soil Exposed to the Pressure of Cadmium and Cobalt.

An undesirable side effect of economic progress is increasingly severe pollution with heavy metals, responsible for the degradation of ecosystems, including soil resources. Hence, this research focused on examining six adsorbents in order to distinguish a reactive mineral with the highest capacity to remediate soils contaminated with heavy metals. To this end, the soil was polluted with Co and Cd by applying the metals in concentrations of 100 mg kg d.

Mitigation of the Adverse Impact of Copper, Nickel, and Zinc on Soil Microorganisms and Enzymes by Mineral Sorbents.

Despite numerous studies on the influence of heavy metals on soil health, the search for effective, eco-friendly, and economically viable remediation substances is far from over. This encouraged us to carry out a study under strictly controlled conditions to test the effects of Cu, Ni, and Zn added to soil in amounts of 150 mg·kg d.m.

The Role of Grass Compost and in Alleviating Toxic Effects of Tetracycline on the Soil Bacteria Community.

Given their common use for disease treatment in humans, and particularly in animals, antibiotics pose an exceptionally serious threat to the soil environment. This study aimed to determine the response of soil bacteria and oxidoreductases to a tetracycline (Tc) contamination, and to establish the usability of grass compost (G) and (Zm) in mitigating adverse Tc effects on selected microbial properties of the soil. The scope of microbiological analyses included determinations of bacteria with the conventional culture method and new-generation sequencing method (NGS).

Effect of Separate and Combined Toxicity of Bisphenol A and Zinc on the Soil Microbiome.

The research objective was established by taking into account common sources of soil contamination with bisphenol A (B) and zinc (Zn), as well as the scarcity of data on the effect of metabolic pathways involved in the degradation of organic compounds on the complexation of zinc in soil. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the spectrum of soil homeostasis disorders arising under the pressure of both the separate and combined toxicity of bisphenol A and Zn. With a broad pool of indicators, such as indices of the effect of xenobiotics (IF), humic acid (IF), plants (IF), colony development (CD), ecophysiological diversity (EP), the Shannon-Weaver and the Simpson indices, as well as the index of soil biological fertility (BA), the extent of disturbances was verified on the basis of enzymatic activity, microbiological activity, and structural diversity of the soil microbiome.

Bacteria and Soil Enzymes Supporting the Valorization of Forested Soils.

To decompose forest biomass, microorganisms use specific enzymes from the class of oxidoreductases and hydrolases, which are produced by bacteria and soil fungi. In post-agricultural forest soils, bacteria adapt more easily to changing ecological conditions than fungi. The unique features of bacteria, i.

Bisphenol A-A Dangerous Pollutant Distorting the Biological Properties of Soil.

Bisphenol A (BPA), with its wide array of products and applications, is currently one of the most commonly produced chemicals in the world. A narrow pool of data on BPA-microorganism-plant interaction mechanisms has stimulated the following research, the aim of which has been to determine the response of the soil microbiome and crop plants, as well as the activity of soil enzymes exposed to BPA pressure. A range of disturbances was assessed, based on the activity of seven soil enzymes, an abundance of five groups of microorganisms, and the structural diversity of the soil microbiome.

as an Ecological Material in the Removal of -Cresol Pollutants from Soil.

Soil contamination with cresol is a problem of the 21st century and poses a threat to soil microorganisms, humans, animals, and plants. The lack of precise data on the potential toxicity of -cresol in soil microbiome and biochemical activity, as well as the search for effective remediation methods, inspired the aim of this study. Soil is subjected to four levels of contamination with -cresol: 0, 0.

Microbiological Study in Petrol-Spiked Soil.

The pollution of arable lands and water with petroleum-derived products is still a valid problem, mainly due the extensive works aimed to improve their production technology to reduce fuel consumption and protect engines. An example of the upgraded fuels is the BP 98 unleaded petrol with Active technology. A pot experiment was carried out in which Eutric Cambisol soil was polluted with petrol to determine its effect on the microbiological and biochemical properties of this soil.

Phytoremediation of soil contaminated with nickel, cadmium and cobalt.

This pot experiment analyzed the use of , and in the removal of Cd Co and Ni from the soil. The utility of the plants under study for phytoremediation was analyzed based on the biomass of the aboveground parts and roots and the accumulation of metals, bioaccumulation, bioconcentration and translocation capability in the above-ground parts and roots. The effect of heavy metals on the soil enzyme activity and soil physicochemical properties was also determined.

The Role of and Diesel Oil in the Formation of Microbiome and Soil Enzyme Activity.

The global demand for petroleum contributes to a significant increase in soil pollution with petroleum-based products that pose a severe risk not only to humans but also to plants and the soil microbiome. The increasing pollution of the natural environment urges the search for effective remediation methods. Considering the above, the objective of this study was to determine the usability of for the degradation of hydrocarbons contained in diesel oil (DO), as well as the effects of both the plant tested and DO on the biochemical functionality and changes in the soil microbiome.

Soil enzyme response to bisphenol F contamination in the soil bioaugmented using bacterial and mould fungal consortium.

The concept of the study resulted from the lack of accurate data on the toxicity of bisphenol F (BPF) coinciding with the need for immediate changes in the global economic policy eliminating the effects of environmental contamination with bisphenol A (BPA). The aim of the experiment was to determine the scale of the previously unstudied inhibitory effect of BPF on soil biochemical activity. To this end, in a soil subjected to increasing BPF pressure at three contamination levels of 0, 5, 50 and 500 mg BPF kg DM, responses of soil enzymes, dehydrogenases, catalase, urease, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, arylsulphatase and β-glucosidase, were examined.

Biochemical activity of soil contaminated with BPS, bioaugmented with a mould fungi consortium and a bacteria consortium.

This study analysed the scale of bisphenol S (BPS) toxicity to the soil biochemical activity and is part of a wider effort to find solutions to restore the global soil environment balance, including elimination of the effects of ecosystem pollution with BPA, of which BPS is a significant analogue. However, since there has been no research on the effect of BPS on soil health, the objective of the study was pursued based on increasing the levels of soil contamination with the bisphenol 0, 5, 50 and 500 mg BPS kg DM of soil and by observing the response of seven soil enzymes: dehydrogenases, catalase, urease, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, arylsulphatase and β-glucosidase to the growing BPS pressure. The potential negative effect of bisphenol S was offset by bioaugmentation with a bacteria consortium-Pseudomonas umsongensis, Bacillus mycoides, Bacillus weihenstephanensis and Bacillus subtilis-and a fungi consortium Mucor circinelloides, Penicillium daleae, Penicillium chrysogenum and Aspergillus niger.

Response of soil microorganisms and enzymes to the foliar application of Helicur 250 EW fungicide on Horderum vulgare L.

The use of fungicides bears the risk of many undesirable outcomes that are manifested in, among other things, changes in the structure and activity of microorganisms. This study aimed at determining the effect of a Helicur 250 EW preparation, used to protect crops against fungal diseases, on the microbiological and biochemical activity of soil and on the development of Horderum vulgare L. The fungicide was sprayed on leaves of spring barley in the following doses (per active substance, i.