Patients' Persistent Symptoms, Clinician Demographics, and Geo-Economic Factors Are Associated with Choice of Therapy for Hypothyroidism by European Thyroid Specialists: The "THESIS" Collaboration.

Hypothyroidism is common, however, aspects of its treatment remain controversial. Our survey aimed at documenting treatment choices of European thyroid specialists and exploring how patients' persistent symptoms, clinician demographics, and geo-economic factors relate to treatment choices. Seventeen thousand two hundred forty-seven thyroid specialists from 28 countries were invited to participate in an online questionnaire survey.

Characteristics of specialists treating hypothyroid patients: the "THESIS" collaborative.

Introduction: Thyroid specialists influence how hypothyroid patients are treated, including patients managed in primary care. Given that physician characteristics influence patient care, this study aimed to explore thyroid specialist profiles and associations with geo-economic factors.

Methods: Thyroid specialists from 28 countries were invited to respond to a questionnaire, Treatment of Hypothyroidism in Europe by Specialists: an International Survey (THESIS).

The Impact of Subclinical Hypothyroidism on the Quality of Life During Pregnancy: Mapping 5-Level Version of EQ-5D and ThyPRO-39.

Objectives: To describe how subclinical hypothyroidism (SubHypo) influences the quality of life (QoL) during pregnancy.

Methods: In primary data collection (NCT04167423), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (FT4), thyroid peroxidase antibodies, generic quality of life (QoL; 5-level version of EQ-5D [EQ-5D-5L]), and disease-specific QoL (ThyPRO-39) were measured among pregnant women. SubHypo during each trimester was defined according to the 2014 European Thyroid Association guidelines (TSH > 2.

Management of Graves ophthalmopathy - 2022 update.

Graves ophthalmopathy (GO) occurs in 25-50% cases of Graves disease. Most cases are just mild, only 5% represents eye threatening diseases. About 5-10% of cases could be euthyroid and 10% hypothyroid, respectively.

[Thyroid incidentalomas].

Thyroid nodules are very common. Most of them are benign non-secerning incidentally found nodules - thyroid incidentalomas. Ultrasound (US) is an essential initial diagnostic tool in thyroid nodules management.

Use of thyroid hormones in hypothyroid and euthyroid patients: a 2020 THESIS questionnaire survey of members of the Czech Society of Endocrinology.

Background: Inconsistencies in the management of hypothyroidism have been reported among endocrinologists in different European countries. Aim of this study was to explore Czech endocrinologists' use of thyroid hormones in hypothyroid and euthyroid patients.

Methods: We used a web-based survey containing 32 questions regarding the use of thyroid hormones.

Thyroid nodules and thyroid cancer in women with positive thyroid screening in pregnancy: a double-centric, retrospective, cohort study.

Objective: Thyroid nodules are a common finding in the general population. The primary aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of thyroid nodules and cancer found by ultrasound (US) in women who underwent screening for thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy.

Design: A double-centric, retrospective, cohort study.

The importance of iodine nutrition during pregnancy - clinical aspect.

Iodine is an essential constituent of thyroid hormones. Thyroid hormones regulate brain development, growth and metabolism of the human body. Inadequately low iodine intake and decreased thyroid hormone synthesis can lead to iodine deficiency disorders.

Positive Antithyroid Antibodies and Nonsuppressed TSH Are Associated with Thyroid Cancer: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study.

The relationship between Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) and thyroid cancer (TC) is a controversial topic; it remains unclear if HT acts as a risk factor of TC. The aim of our study was to compare the presence of HT and thyroid function in patients with TC and benign nodules. We analyzed 2571 patients after fine needle aspiration biopsy of thyroid nodule.

[Endocrine orbitopathy: the present view of a clinical endocrinologist].

Graves orbitopathy (GO) occurs in 25-50 % cases of Graves disease. Only in 5 % of patients the eye threatening GO is present. About 5-10 % and 10 % cases are present in euthyroid and hypothyroid patients respectively.

[Hypothyroidism in patients with heart disease].

Hypothyroidism is frequently found in patients with heart disease. It is a risk factor for atherosclerosis and ischemic heart disease and has a direct negative effect on both the left and right ventricular functions (hypothyroidism-induced cardiomyopathy). The confirmed manifest hypothyroidism is always a reason for replacement therapy with levothyroxine; regarding patients with heart disease, we always begin treatment with a small dose and increase it gradually.

[Management of patients with thyroid nodules: American Thyroid Association guidelines in the setting of Czech Republic].

Thyroid nodules are common finding. Most of them are of benign origin without thyroid dysfunction. Diagnosis is based on evaluation of thyroid function by assessment of serum thyroid stimulating hormone, and ultrasound for the purpose to identify the nodules which should be referred to fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB).

Thyroid in pregnancy: From physiology to screening.

Thyroid hormones are crucial for the growth and maturation of many target tissues, especially the brain and skeleton. During critical periods in the first trimester of pregnancy, maternal thyroxine is essential for fetal development as it supplies thyroid hormone-dependent tissues. The ontogeny of mature thyroid function involves organogenesis, and maturation of the hypothalamus, pituitary and the thyroid gland; and it is almost complete by the 12th-14th gestational week.

CXCR3, CCR5, and CRTH2 Chemokine Receptor Expression in Lymphocytes Infiltrating Thyroid Nodules with Coincident Hashimoto's Thyroiditis Obtained by Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy.

To determine the expression of chemokine receptors in lymphocytes from thyroid nodules and peripheral blood in patients with and without Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT). The study included 46 women with thyroid nodules and HT and 60 women with thyroid nodules without HT (controls) who underwent a fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB). Expression of chemokine receptors CXCR3, CCR5, and CRTH2 was assessed by flow cytometry in lymphocytes from FNAB samples and from peripheral blood.

[Thyroid hormones and cardiovascular system].

Cardiovascular system is essentially affected by thyroid hormones by way of their genomic and non-genomic effects. Untreated overt thyroid dysfunction is associated with higher cardiovascular risk. Although it has been studied more than 3 decades, in subclinical thyroid dysfunction the negative effect on cardiovascular system is much more controversial.

[Iodine supply of pregnant women in the Czech Republic].

Introduction: Iodine deficiency is a global public health problem which is particularly noticeable in pregnant or breastfeeding women and their children. Even mild iodine deficiency during pregnancy can lead to damage to the developing brain and thus affecting the fetus intelligence, his cognitive and neurological function, embryogenesis and growth.

Patients: In the period 2010-2015 was determined by spectrophotometry at the Institute of Endocrinology the basal urinary iodine in 532 pregnant women at the age of 32 ± 5 (18-44) years, which came from Prague, Hradec Kralove and Mlada Boleslav.

[Autoimmune thyroiditis and thyroid cancer].

Association between autoimmune thyroiditis (CLT) and thyroid cancer remains not clear. Although both diseases often occur simultaneously in histological samples, it is not yet clear whether CLT can be regarded as a risk factor for thyroid malignancy. This review focus on the known epidemiological and molecular genetics links between both diseases.

[Management of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism].

Functional thyropathies present significant health risks for patients. Advanced functional thyropathies are always treated while indications for therapy of subclinical thyropathies are individual and often controversial. It is widely agreed that these disorders should be diagnosed and individuals should be followed.

[Methods of economic analysis of screening programs. Situation in Czech Republic].

In the process of reducing health budget the question of the effectiveness of investment in population-based screening programs is very actual. Because of the scope, screening is becoming very expensive and burdens healthy people. An essential part of any screening program is careful consideration, registration and monitoring of the results.

[Resistance to thyroid hormones].

Resistance to thyroid hormones (RTH) is a rare disease with prevalence 1 : 40 000-50 000. About 85% of cases are caused by mutation of thyroid hormone receptor gene β (TRβ) and in 15% of cases the mutation cannot be detected (nonTR-RTH). Elevated thyroid hormone and non-suppressed TSH in the blood, goitre and variable other clinical symptoms are typical for the disease.

Association between low levels of Mannan-binding lectin and markers of autoimmune thyroid disease in pregnancy.

Functional deficiency of mannan-binding lectin (MBL) has been associated with adverse pregnancy outcome. Adverse events during pregnancy have also been described in women with autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD), and thyroid hormones have been shown to influence serum levels of MBL. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyse the impact of MBL-deficiency on the outcome of pregnancy in relation to the presence of AITD.

Screening for autoimmune thyroid disorders after spontaneous abortion is cost-saving and it improves the subsequent pregnancy rate.

Background: Hypothyroidism and/or autoimmune thyroid disorders (AITD) may contribute to spontaneous abortions (SpA). Cost-effectiveness analyses of thyroid screening in women after SpA are lacking. Our aim was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of screening for AITD and/or hypothyroidism and their treatment in women after SpA with regard to their reproductive health.