The Management of Post-appendectomy Abscess in Children; A Historical Cohort Study and Update of the Literature.

Introduction: Recent studies have shown that specific cases of post-appendectomy abscess (PAA) in children could be treated conservatively. However, due to the lack of high-quality evidence, choice of treatment still depends on preferences of the treating surgeon, leading to heterogeneity in clinical practice. Therefore, we aimed to provide an update of recent literature on the management of PAA in children and subsequently evaluate the outcomes of a large multicenter cohort of children treated for PAA.

Do We Need to Stabilize All Reduced Metaphyseal Both-bone Forearm Fractures in Children with K-wires?

Background: Short-term follow-up studies have shown that reduced metaphyseal both-bone forearm fractures in children should be treated with K-wires to prevent redisplacement and inferior functional results. Minimum 5-year follow-up studies are limited. Range of motion, patient-reported outcome measures, and radiographic parameters at minimum 5-year follow-up should be evaluated because they could change insights into how to treat pediatric metaphyseal forearm fractures.

The Dutch Incidence of Infantile Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis and the Influence of Seasons.

Introduction:  Studies report contradicting results on the incidence of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (IHPS) and its association with seasons. We aim to assess the IHPS incidence in the Netherlands and to determine whether seasonal variation is present in a nationwide cohort.

Materials And Methods:  All infants with IHPS hospitalized in the Netherlands between 2007 and 2017 were included in this retrospective cohort study.

Angular malalignment as cause of limitation of forearm rotation: an analysis of prospectively collected data of both-bone forearm fractures in children.

Introduction: Although limitation of pronation/supination following both-bone forearm fractures in children is often attributed to an angular malunion, no clinical study has compared pronation/supination and angular malalignment of the same child by analysis of prospectively collected clinical data.

Aim: The purpose of this trial is to explore whether limitation of pronation/supination can be predicted by the degree of angular malalignment in children who sustained a both-bone forearm fracture.

Methods: In four Dutch hospitals, children aged ≤16 years with a both-bone forearm fracture were prospectively followed up consecutive children for 6-9 months.

Three-dimensional imaging of children with severe limitation of pronation/supination after a both-bone forearm fracture.

Introduction: Although both-bone forearm fractures in children may result in severe limitation of forearm rotation, finding the cause remains a diagnostic challenge. This study tries to evaluate the role of rotational malunion, bony impingement and contractures of the interosseous membrane.

Patients And Methods: Children (5-16 years) who suffered from a both-bone forearm fracture in diaphysis or distal metaphysis with a limitation of pronation/supination ≥40° at ≥6 months after trauma were included for analysis with conventional radiographs, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Which factors affect limitation of pronation/supination after forearm fractures in children? A prospective multicentre study.

Introduction: Both-bone forearm fractures in children frequently result in a limitation of pronation/supination, which hinders daily activities. The purpose of this prospective multicentre study was to investigate which clinical factors are related to the limitation of pronation/supination in children with a both-bone forearm fracture.

Methods: In four Dutch hospitals, consecutive children (<16 years) who sustained a both-bone forearm fracture were included.

Conversion to below-elbow cast after 3 weeks is safe for diaphyseal both-bone forearm fractures in children.

Background: It is unclear whether it is safe to convert above-elbow cast (AEC) to below-elbow cast (BEC) in a child who has sustained a displaced diaphyseal both-bone forearm fracture that is stable after reduction. In this multicenter study, we wanted to answer the question: does early conversion to BEC cause similar forearm rotation to that after treatment with AEC alone?

Children And Methods: Children were randomly allocated to 6 weeks of AEC, or 3 weeks of AEC followed by 3 weeks of BEC. The primary outcome was limitation of pronation/supination after 6 months.

Early conversion to below-elbow cast for non-reduced diaphyseal both-bone forearm fractures in children is safe: preliminary results of a multicentre randomised controlled trial.

Introduction: This multicentre randomised controlled trial was designed to explore whether 6 weeks above-elbow cast (AEC) or 3 weeks AEC followed by 3 weeks below-elbow cast (BEC) cause similar limitation of pronation and supination in non-reduced diaphyseal both-bone forearm fractures in children.

Materials And Methods: Children were randomly allocated to 6 weeks AEC or to 3 weeks AEC followed by 3 weeks BEC. The primary outcome was limitation of pronation and supination after 6 months.

Single-bone intramedullary fixation of unstable both-bone diaphyseal forearm fractures in children leads to increased re-displacement: a multicentre randomised controlled trial.

Introduction: Both-bone diaphyseal forearm fractures in children can be stabilised without cast by a flexible intramedullary nail in both the radius and the ulna. Adequate results with single-bone fixation combined with a complementary cast are also reported. However, because those results are based on a selection of children, this trial investigates whether single-bone intramedullary fixation, compared with both-bone intramedullary fixation, results in similar pronation and supination in children with an unstable diaphyseal both-bone forearm fracture.

Re-displacement of stable distal both-bone forearm fractures in children: a randomised controlled multicentre trial.

Introduction: Displaced metaphyseal both-bone fractures of the distal forearm are generally reduced and stabilised by an above-elbow cast (AEC) with or without additional pinning. The purpose of this study was to find out if re-displacement of a reduced stable metaphyseal both-bone fracture of the distal forearm in a child could be prevented by stabilisation with Kirschner wires.

Methods: Consecutive children aged <16 years with a displaced metaphyseal both-bone fracture of the distal forearm (n = 128) that was stable after reduction were randomised to AEC with or without percutaneous fixation with Kirschner wires.

Below-elbow cast for metaphyseal both-bone fractures of the distal forearm in children: a randomised multicentre study.

Introduction: Minimally displaced metaphyseal both-bone fractures of the distal forearm in children are often treated with an above-elbow cast (AEC). Treatment with a below-elbow cast (BEC) could give more comfort, but might lead to fracture displacement reducing pronation and supination. Because this has not been systematically investigated, we set up a randomised multicentre study.

[Intestinal duplication cyst in children: laparoscopically assisted resection is preferred].

A 5-year-old boy was seen for a second opinion as he had episodes of severe abdominal pain and a variably distended abdomen. Ultrasonography showed a suspected duplication cyst of the terminal ileum. A laparoscopically assisted resection was performed.

Pronation and supination after forearm fractures in children: Reliability of visual estimation and conventional goniometry measurement.

Background: Forearm fractures are common amongst children and often result in limited rotational function. In daily practice, pronation and supination of the arm are often visually estimated or measured using a conventional goniometer. The aim of this study was to compare the reliability of these two methods in paediatric patients who had previously sustained a forearm fracture.

US examination of the appendix in children with suspected appendicitis: the additional value of secondary signs.

This study evaluated the additional value of secondary signs in the diagnosing of appendicitis in children with ultrasound. From May 2005 to June 2006, 212 consecutive paediatric patients with suspected appendicitis were examined. Ultrasonographic depiction of the appendix was classified into four groups: 1, normal appendix; 2, appendix not depicted, no secondary signs of appendicitis; 3, appendix not depicted with one of the following secondary signs: hyperechoic mesenteric fat, fluid collection, local dilated small bowel loop; 4, depiction of inflamed appendix.

Can pyloromyotomy for infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis be performed in any hospital? Results from two teaching hospitals.

In order to document the incidence of perioperative complications in patients with infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, a descriptive cohort study was performed in two teaching hospitals in the Netherlands. One hospital specialized in pediatric surgery and the other was a general surgery teaching hospital. All consecutive infants who underwent pyloromyotomy for the diagnosis hypertrophic pyloric stenosis in both hospitals between 1998 and 2002 were included.