Mental disorders at the beginning of adolescence: Prevalence estimates in a sample aged 11-14 years.

Objectives: This study aims to provide a deeper insight into mental disorders in early adolescence. We report prevalence rates (mental health problems, depressive symptoms, eating disorders, NSSI, STBs) to be used in future studies and clinical ventures. We also expected to find gender differences, with girls being be more affected than boys are.

Model-Based Estimation of Inspiratory Effort Using Surface EMG.

Objective: The quantification of inspiratory patient effort in assisted mechanical ventilation is essential for the adjustment of ventilatory assistance and for assessing patient-ventilator interaction. The inspiratory effort is usually measured via the respiratory muscle pressure (P ) derived from esophageal pressure (P ) measurements. As yet, no reliable non-invasive and unobtrusive alternatives exist to continuously quantify P .

Automatic Estimation of Respiratory Effort using Esophageal Pressure.

Esophageal pressure is currently seen as the gold standard to quantify the respiratory effort during assisted spontaneous ventilation. Yet, the assessment of waveforms at the bedside is often complicated due to heavy interference by cardiac artifacts and due to the unknown dependency on the lung volume. We propose an algorithm that automatically removes artifacts and gives an estimate for the respiratory effort of a patient.