Fluorescence guidance in skull base surgery: Applications and limitations - A systematic review.

Introduction: Intraoperative fluorescence guidance is a well-established surgical adjunct in high-grade glioma surgery. In contrast, the clinical use of such dyes and technology has been scarcely reported in skull base surgery.

Research Question: We aimed to systematically review the clinical applications of different fluorophores in both open and endonasal skull base surgery.

Prognostic value of platelet levels in patients with aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.

Pathophysiological processes following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) include upregulated underlying systemic inflammation, which is reflected by changes in different peripheral blood cells and their sub-populations. As inflammation is a crucial process that contributes to post-aSAH complications and clincal outcome, blood cell numbers and ratios in systemic circulation may predict the outcome and provide rapid and easy to quantify point of care biomarkers for these critically ill patients. To identify blood-derived cellular inflammatory parameters which allow a precise prediction of patient outcome after aSAH.

A clinically compatible in vitro drug-screening platform identifies therapeutic vulnerabilities in primary cultures of brain metastases.

Purpose: Brain metastases represent the most common intracranial tumors in adults and are associated with a poor prognosis. We used a personalized in vitro drug screening approach to characterize individual therapeutic vulnerabilities in brain metastases.

Methods: Short-term cultures of cancer cells isolated from brain metastasis patients were molecularly characterized using next-generation sequencing and functionally evaluated using high-throughput in vitro drug screening to characterize pharmacological treatment sensitivities.

CLR (C-Reactive Protein to Lymphocyte Ratio) Served as a Promising Predictive Biomarker for Cerebral Vasospasm in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (aSAH): A Retrospective Cohort Study.

: Subarachnoid hemorrhage is a devastating disease. Even after state-of-the-art treatment patients suffer from complications, including cerebral vasospasm (CVS), delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI), and chronic hydrocephalus (CH) following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). The aim of our study is to identify the predictive value of the C-reactive protein to lymphocyte ratio (CLR) for neurological functional outcome and complications after aSAH.

Surgical and endovascular cerebral revascularization for cerebral vasculitis with inflammatory vessel stenosis: a case series.

Autoimmune vasculitides affect the cerebral vasculature significantly in a considerable number of cases. When immunosuppressive treatments fail to prevent stenosis in cerebral vessels, treatment options for affected patients become limited. In this case series, we present four cases of pharmacoresistant vasculitis with recurrent transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) or stroke successfully treated with either extracranial-intracranial (EC-IC) bypass surgery or endovascular stenting.

Intraoperative Videogrammetry and Photogrammetry for Photorealistic Neurosurgical 3-Dimensional Models Generated Using Operative Microscope: Technical Note.

Background And Objectives: Intraoperative orientation during microsurgery has a prolonged learning curve among neurosurgical residents. Three-dimensional (3D) understanding of anatomy can be facilitated with realistic 3D anatomic models created from photogrammetry, where a series of 2-dimensional images is converted into a 3D model. This study implements an algorithm that can create photorealistic intraoperative 3D models to exemplify important steps of the operation, operative corridors, and surgical perspectives.

Evaluation of FRESH scores in predicting outcome and quality of life after aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage in a European patient cohort.

Background: Despite aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (aSAH) patients often experiencing physical and mental disabilities impacting their quality of life (QoL), routine assessment of long-term QoL data and predictive tools are limited. This study evaluates the newly developed "functional recovery expected after subarachnoid haemorrhage" (FRESH) scores with long-term outcomes and QoL in European aSAH patients.

Methods: FRESH, FRESH-cog, and FRESH-quol scores were retrospectively obtained from aSAH patients.

Combined use of 3D printing and mixed reality technology for neurosurgical training: getting ready for brain surgery.

Objective: Learning surgical skills is an essential part of neurosurgical training. Ideally, these skills are acquired to a sufficient extent in an ex vivo setting. The authors previously described an in vitro brain tumor model, consisting of a cadaveric animal brain injected with fluorescent agar-agar, for acquiring a wide range of basic neuro-oncological skills.

Computer-vision based analysis of the neurosurgical scene - A systematic review.

Introduction: With increasing use of robotic surgical adjuncts, artificial intelligence and augmented reality in neurosurgery, the automated analysis of digital images and videos acquired over various procedures becomes a subject of increased interest. While several computer vision (CV) methods have been developed and implemented for analyzing surgical scenes, few studies have been dedicated to neurosurgery.

Research Question: In this work, we present a systematic literature review focusing on CV methodologies specifically applied to the analysis of neurosurgical procedures based on intra-operative images and videos.

Colchicine prevents oxidative stress-induced endothelial cell senescence via blocking NF-κB and MAPKs: implications in vascular diseases.

Background: Smoking, alcohol abuse, and hypertension are - among others, potential risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. These risk factors generate oxidative stress and cause oxidative stress-induced DNA damage, resulting in cellular senescence and senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). The SASP factors in feed-forward response exacerbate inflammation and cause tissue remodeling, resulting in atherosclerotic plaque formation and rupture.

mTOR Inhibitor Rapalink-1 Prevents Ethanol-Induced Senescence in Endothelial Cells.

The cardiovascular risk factors, including smoking, ethanol, and oxidative stress, can induce cellular senescence. The senescent cells increase the expression and release of pro-inflammatory molecules and matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs). These pro-inflammatory molecules and MMPs promote the infiltration and accumulation of inflammatory cells in the vascular tissue, exacerbating vascular tissue inflammation.

Photogrammetry Applied to Neurosurgery: A Literature Review.

Photogrammetry refers to the process of creating 3D models and taking measurements through the use of photographs. Photogrammetry has many applications in neurosurgery, such as creating 3D anatomical models and diagnosing and evaluating head shape and posture deformities. This review aims to summarize the uses of the technique in the neurosurgical practice and showcase the systems and software required for its implementation.

Revisiting the WFNS Score: Native Computed Tomography Imaging Improves Identification of Patients With "False Poor Grade" Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.

Background And Objectives: In patients suffering from aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH), the optimal time to determine the World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies (WFNS) score remains controversial because of possible confounding factors. Goals of this study were (1) to analyze the most sensitive timepoint to determine the WFNS score in patients with aSAH and (2) to evaluate the impact of initial native computed tomography (CT) imaging on reducing the mismatch of "false poor grade" patients.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed daily WFNS scores from admission until day 7 in 535 aSAH patients and evaluated their predictive value for the modified Rankin Scale at discharge and 6 months postbleeding.

The Role of NF-κB in Intracranial Aneurysm Pathogenesis: A Systematic Review.

Intracranial aneurysms (IAs) are abnormal dilations of the cerebral vessels, which pose a persistent threat of cerebral hemorrhage. Inflammation is known to contribute to IA development. The nuclear factor "kappa-light-chain-enhancer" of activated B-cells (NF-κB) is the major driver of inflammation.

Initial Temporal Muscle Thickness and Area: Poor Predictors of Neurological Outcome in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in a Central European Patient Cohort.

The temporalis muscle area (TMA) has been proclaimed as a surrogate parameter for estimating skeletal muscle mass. Pilot studies in Asian populations suggested temporal muscle thickness (TMT) and TMA as prognostic factors for neurological outcomes in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) patients. This study aimed to validate these findings in a larger European patient cohort.

Evaluation of MTT Heterogeneity of Perfusion CT Imaging in the Early Brain Injury Phase: An Insight into aSAH Pathopysiology.

The concept of early brain injury (EBI) is based on the assumption of a global reduction in brain perfusion following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). However, the heterogeneity of computed tomography perfusion (CTP) imaging in EBI has not yet been investigated. In contrast, increased mean transit time (MTT) heterogeneity, a possible marker of microvascular perfusion heterogeneity, in the delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) phase has recently been associated with a poor neurological outcome after aSAH.

Photorealistic 3-Dimensional Models of the Anatomy and Neurosurgical Approaches to the V2, V3, and V4 Segments of the Vertebral Artery.

Background: The vertebral artery (VA) has a tortuous course subdivided into 4 segments (V1-V4). For neurosurgeons, a thorough knowledge of the 3-dimensional (3D) anatomy at different segments is a prerequisite for safe surgery. New technologies allowing creation of photorealistic 3D models may enhance the anatomic understanding of this complex region.

Colchicine Protects against Ethanol-Induced Senescence and Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype in Endothelial Cells.

Inflammaging is a potential risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. It results in the development of thrombosis and atherosclerosis. The accumulation of senescent cells in vessels causes vascular inflammaging and contributes to plaque formation and rupture.

Olfactory Groove Meningiomas: Comprehensive assessment between the different microsurgical transcranial approaches and the Endoscopic Endonasal Approaches, systematic review and metanalysis on behalf of the EANS skull base section.

•OGM surgery is much more complex than a simple debate of "from above or from below" (transcranial vs endoscopic).•Lateral Sub-frontal and Superior Interhemispheric seem the most effective, superior and versatile approaches for OGM.•Minimally Invasive Transcranial approaches showed no inferiority in OGM sized <4 ​cm.