Coronary artery disease prediction based on breast arterial calcification in women undergoing mammography as a screening for breast cancer.

Objective: The aim of the study was to test the potential role of breast arterial calcification (BAC) in the prediction of coronary artery disease (CAD) in women. The criterion standard for CAD diagnostics was coronary angiography.

Methods: This retrospective study enrolled 163 consecutive women, who underwent digital mammography and coronary angiography in our hospital.

Evaluation of the personalized invitation of Czech citizens to screening programs.

The Czech population has high burden of malignant tumors, and screening programs are therefore an essential part of cancer control policy. At the beginning of 2014 personalized invitation of Czech citizens for cancer screening programs was launched to promote higher coverage by screening. The aim of the paper is to present the up-to-date results of the personalized invitation.

A computer-assisted system for handheld whole-breast ultrasonography.

Purpose: Breast ultrasonography (US) presents an alternative to mammography in young asymptomatic individuals and a complementary examination in screening of women with dense breasts. Handheld US is the standard-of-care, yet when used in whole-breast examination, no effort has been devoted to monitoring breast coverage and missed regions, which is the purpose of this study.

Methods: We introduce a computer-aided system assisting radiologists and US technologists in covering the whole breast with minimum alteration to the standard workflow.

Computed Tomography Colonography Phantom: Construction, Validation and Literature Review.

Background: Several dedicated computed tomography (CT) colonography phantoms have been described previously.

Objectives: To compare their pros and cons and describe the construction of a dedicated phantom that can be easily manufactured.

Materials And Methods: We found 15 different phantom designs by literature search and compared their advantages and disadvantages based on their description and images.

Position paper on screening for breast cancer by the European Society of Breast Imaging (EUSOBI) and 30 national breast radiology bodies from Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Israel, Lithuania, Moldova, The Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and Turkey.

Unlabelled: EUSOBI and 30 national breast radiology bodies support mammography for population-based screening, demonstrated to reduce breast cancer (BC) mortality and treatment impact. According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer, the reduction in mortality is 40 % for women aged 50-69 years taking up the invitation while the probability of false-positive needle biopsy is <1 % per round and overdiagnosis is only 1-10 % for a 20-year screening. Mortality reduction was also observed for the age groups 40-49 years and 70-74 years, although with "limited evidence".

Growing number of emergency cranial CTs in patients with head injury not justified by their clinical need.

Background: Computed tomography (CT) is widely available in most hospitals, usually 24 h a day, which results in an expansion of its indications, sometimes beyond medically justifiable extent.

Aim: To evaluate trends in emergency cranial CTs in a general university hospital during the last 15 years.

Methods: We conducted a database search for emergency cranial CTs between January 2000 and December 2015 that were performed in patients after head injury on weekends and bank holidays and between 8 P.

Sub-milliSievert ultralow-dose CT colonography with iterative model reconstruction technique.

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the technical and diagnostic performance of sub-milliSievert ultralow-dose (ULD) CT colonograpy (CTC) in the detection of colonic and extracolonic lesions. Materials and Methods.

Ultrasound-guided cryoablation of breast fibroadenoma: a pilot trial.

Purpose: The aim of the study was to evaluate cryoablation (CA) under ultrasound guidance in the office setting with liquid nitrogen system for patients with fibroadenoma (FA).

Methods: For this prospective multicenter trial, an office-based cryosurgical system was used to treat histological confirmed benign FA with a maximum dimension of 3 cm. Sixty CA procedures were performed under ultrasound guidance.

Submilisievert ultralow-dose CT colonography using iterative reconstruction technique: a feasibility study.

Background: Computed tomography (CT) colonography is a well established modality for the examination of symptomatic patients as well as in screening. Recent technical advances in improving image quality by iterative reconstruction contribute to the reduction of the radiation dose which is a major concern in CT imaging.

Purpose: To evaluate image quality of ultralow-dose submilisievert CT colonography using hybrid iterative reconstruction technique.

Breast cancer screening in the Czech Republic: time trends in performance indicators during the first seven years of the organised programme.

Background: The Czech Breast Cancer Screening Programme (CBCSP) was initiated in September 2002 by establishing a network of accredited centres. The aim of this article is to describe progress in the programme quality over time after the inception of the organised programme.

Methods: The CBCSP is monitored using an information system consisting of three principal components: 1) the national cancer registry, 2) a screening registry collecting data on all screening examinations, further assessments and final diagnoses at accredited programme centres, and 3) administrative databases of healthcare payers.

Characterization of focal liver lesions with SonoVue-enhanced sonography: international multicenter-study in comparison to CT and MRI.

Aim: To evaluate in a multicenter study whether the sonographic characterization of focal liver lesions can be improved using SonoVue-enhancement; and to compare this method with computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Methods: One hundred and thirty four patients with one focal liver lesion detected in baseline ultrasound (US) were examined with conventional US, contrast-enhanced US (n = 134), contrast-enhanced CT (n = 115) and/or dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (n = 70). The lesions were classified as malignant, benign or indeterminate and the type of lesion was determined.

Computer-aided evaluation of screening mammograms based on local texture models.

We propose a new approach to diagnostic evaluation of screening mammograms based on local statistical texture models. The local evaluation tool has the form of a multivariate probability density of gray levels in a suitably chosen search window. First, the density function in the form of Gaussian mixture is estimated from data obtained by scanning of the mammogram with the search window.

Secondary-progressive form of multiple sclerosis: MRI changes versus clinical status.

Objectives: To monitor the interaction between the clinical manifestation of the secondary progressive form of multiple sclerosis (SPMS) expressed in the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) and abnormal findings in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain. To compare a time line of brain atrophy in patients with SPMS, patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and the healthy population.

Methods: Brain atrophy, volume of increased signal lesions on Fluid Attenuated Inversion Recovery Sequence (FLAIR) sequence (s.

Breast cancer risk assessment in the Czech female population--an adjustment of the original Gail model.

Background: Several mathematical models have been developed for predicting individual breast cancer risk. Such models can help clinicians to choose appropriate preventive and therapeutic interventions for each patient. Unfortunately, the validity of these models has not been tested outside the USA.

Assessment of in vitro drug resistance of human breast cancer cells subcultured from biopsy specimens.

Unlabelled: The low cellular yield of a breast cancer sample represents a limiting factor for in vitro chemosensitivity/chemoresistance testing. The use of in vitro serially cultured cells can help overcome this obstacle.

Materials And Methods: In vitro drug resistance of cells cultured from mammary carcinomas by the 3T3 feeder-layer technique was tested by the MTT assay.

Endovascular treatment of central vein stenoses and/or occlusions in hemodialysis patients.

Purpose: To report our experience and results with the endovascular treatment of central vein stenoses and occlusions in hemodialysis patients.

Methods: Between October 1999 and August 2001 (22 months) we performed 22 interventional procedures in 14 hemodialysis patients (8 women, 6 men) ranging in age from 38 to 87 years (mean 76 years). The indication for intervention was stenosis (n = 10) or occlusion (n = 4) of a central vein in the upper arm used for dialysis in patients with arm swelling and/or shunt malfunction.