Cascade of care for hypertension among apparently healthy and unhealthy individuals of 25-64 years in the Czech Republic.

Background: Despite accessible diagnostics and treatment of hypertension, a high proportion of patients worldwide remain unaware of their diagnosis, and even more remain untreated. Several studies suggest that absence of comorbidities is a predictive factor for unawareness and consequently non-treatment of hypertension. There are only a few studies that have assessed the hypertension prevalence and management among apparently healthy individuals.

Effectiveness of treatment of arterial hypertension in Central Europe from 1972 to 2022.

Background: Hypertension is a leading cause of cardiovascular disease. This review examines the literature on hypertension control in the Czech Republic from 1972 to 2022 addressing limited data on its effectiveness.

Methods: A literature review was conducted covering the period from 1972 to 2022, utilizing MEDLINE (PubMed), Web of Science, and Scopus databases.

Plasma levels of mannan-binding lectin-associated serine proteases are increased in type 1 diabetes patients with insulin resistance.

Activation of the lectin pathway of the complement system, as demonstrated by elevated levels of mannan-binding lectin proteins (MBL), contributes to vascular pathology in type 1 diabetes (T1D). Vascular complications are greatest in T1D individuals with concomitant insulin resistance (IR), however, whether IR amplifies activiation of the lectin pathway in T1D is unknown. We pooled pretreatment data from two RCTs and performed a cross-sectional analysis on 46 T1D individuals.

Factors affecting participation in the colorectal cancer screening program: a cross-sectional population study.

Purpose: Fecal immunochemical test (FIT) once a year or colonoscopy once in 10 years is the option approved for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening for asymptomatic individuals aged ≥ 50 years in the Czech Republic. We analyzed participation in the screening program to determine possible improvements.

Methods: In this observational cross-sectional study, data were collected from 4044 randomly chosen individuals from the Czech population (1866 men, 2178 women) aged ≥ 50 years by questionnaires.

Dynamics of glucose concentration during the initiation of ketogenic diet treatment in children with refractory epilepsy: Results of continuous glucose monitoring.

Objective: The ketogenic diet (KD) is a diet low in carbohydrates and rich in fats which has long been used to treat refractory epilepsy. The metabolic changes related to the KD may increase the risk of hypoglycemia, especially during the first days. The study focused on the impact of KD initiation on glycemia in non-diabetic patients with refractory epilepsy.

Barriers to Exercise in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes and Insulin Resistance.

Objective: Our aim in this study was to assess attitudes toward exercise and quality of life (QoL) in adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) with and without insulin resistance (IR).

Methods: We pooled baseline pretreatment data from a subset of individuals with T1D from 2 randomized controlled trials. Estimated glucose disposal rate (eGDR), a validated surrogate marker of IR, was calculated using an established formula to classify individuals according to IR status with a cutpoint of <6 mg/kg/min for the determination of IR.

A Telemedicine System Intervention for Patients With Type 1 Diabetes: Pilot Feasibility Crossover Intervention Study.

Background: Today's diabetes-oriented telemedicine systems can gather and analyze many parameters like blood glucose levels, carbohydrate intake, insulin doses, and physical activity levels (steps). Information collected can be presented to patients in a variety of graphical outputs. Despite the availability of several technical means, a large percentage of patients do not reach the goals established in their diabetes treatment.

[Optimal vascular access to hemodialysis, or what modern medicine offers us].

Hemodialysis is a life-saving method for patients with acute and chronic kidney failure. This treatment requires sufficiently large and safe vascular access. Ensuring optimal vascular access is therefore a prerequisite and an integral part of the care of these patients.

[How to convince a patient refusing colonoscopy - a qualitative study].

The available literature suggests that the most significant barriers to undergoing colonoscopy in general include “fear of pain and discomfort”, “fear of bowel preparation”, as well as directly unrelated influences such as “lack of support from family and friends”, “busy family and work schedules”, “other health problems” and the current “fear of getting COVID-19 in hospital”. A marital union may play a positive role, previous cancer a negative one. Another important factor is that patients are not used to talking about their barriers spontaneously; a guided conversation is a useful tool.

[Colorectal cancer in patients with diabetes - epidemiology, pathophysiology and applications for clinical practice].

Diabetes mellitus (type 2 diabetes in particular) and colorectal carcinoma are relatively frequent diseases in our population. At the same time, these units share some common risk factors, for example obesity, lack of physical activity and hyperinsulinemia. Available data show patients with diabetes have increased risk of colorectal adenoma and carcinoma, increased risk of colorectal carcinoma at a lower age, as well as increased risk of relapse and increased mortality with colorectal cancer.

Optimal Carbohydrate Dose for Treatment of Nonsevere Hypoglycemia in Insulin-Treated Patients With Diabetes: A Narrative Review.

Nonsevere hypoglycemia in people with diabetes is usually treated with rapid-acting carbohydrate, of which glucose is the most suitable form. A quantity of 15 g is recommended and repeated after 15 min if hypoglycemia persists. This recommendation has not changed for several years despite the introduction of continuous glucose monitoring, newer and more flexible insulin regimens and improved insulin delivery.

Application of Machine Learning to Assess Interindividual Variability in Rapid-Acting Insulin Responses After Subcutaneous Injection in People With Type 1 Diabetes.

Objectives: Circulating insulin concentrations mediate vascular-inflammatory and prothrombotic factors. However, it is unknown whether interindividual differences in circulating insulin levels are associated with different inflammatory and prothrombotic profiles in type 1 diabetes (T1D). We applied an unsupervised machine-learning approach to determine whether interindividual differences in rapid-acting insulin levels associate with parameters of vascular health in patients with T1D.

[Smoking cessation and risk of type 2 diabetes].

Risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is higher in tobacco smokers compared to non-smokers. The risk declines after smoking cessation. However, ex-smokers are also more prone to the metabolic syndrome.