A Results-Oriented Approach for the Animal Welfare Measure of the European Union's Rural Development Programme.

Farm animal welfare is a major concern to the European Union's citizens, addressed in the Rural Development Programmes by a specific animal welfare support measure. Previous evaluation results reveal that the implemented action-oriented measures fail when it comes to improving animal health, an important dimension of animal welfare. Results-oriented measures could compensate for this deficiency, but little is known about their design.

Impact of Daily Grazing Time on Dairy Cow Welfare-Results of the Welfare Quality Protocol.

Grazing provides livestock better opportunities to act out their species-specific behavior compared to restrictive stable conditions. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of daily grazing time on welfare of dairy cows in organic and conventional farms based on the Welfare Quality assessment protocol for dairy cattle (WQ). Therefore, we applied the WQ on 32 dairy farms (classified in 3 groups: Group 0, minor/zero grazing, n = 14; Group 1, medium grazing, n = 10; Group 2, high grazing, n = 8).

Hock lesion epidemiology in cubicle housed dairy cows across two breeds, farming systems and countries.

This cross-sectional study examined various aspects of cubicle design and management in terms of their potential as risk factors for hock lesions, using an epidemiological approach. Cubicle dairy farms in Germany and Austria with Holstein Friesian or Simmental cows were visited during the winter housing season. 105 farms and 3691 cows were included in the analysis which consisted of three steps: bifactorial regression, regression trees and multiple linear regression.

Risk factors for lameness in cubicle housed Austrian Simmental dairy cows.

Austrian dairy farming is characterised by predominant use of Simmental cows on small-scale farms. Our aim was to identify lameness risk factors related to housing and management in cubicle housed Austrian dairy cows. Furthermore, we used animal-based parameters (ABP) as integrated measures of cubicle quality and feeding management.

Angiotensin II response in afferent arterioles of mice lacking either the endothelial or neuronal isoform of nitric oxide synthase.

The aim of the study is to evaluate the impact of nitric oxide (NO) produced by endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) and neuronal NOS (nNOS) on the angiotensin II response in afferent arterioles (Af). Dose responses were assessed for angiotensin II in microperfused Af of mice homozygous for disruption of the eNOS gene [eNOS(-/-)], or nNOS gene [nNOS(-/-)], and their wild-type controls, eNOS(+/+) and nNOS(+/+). Angiotensin II at 10(-8) and 10(-6) mol/l reduced the lumen to 69% and 68% in eNOS(+/+), and to 59% and 50% in nNOS(+/+).