Activity-Stability Relationships in Oxide Electrocatalysts for Water Electrolysis.

The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is one of the key kinetically limiting half reactions in electrochemical energy conversion. Model epitaxial catalysts have emerged as a platform to identify structure-function-relationships at the atomic level, a prerequisite to establish advanced catalyst design rules. Previous work identified an inverse relationship between activity and the stability of noble metal and oxide OER catalysts in both acidic and alkaline environments: The most active catalysts for the anodic OER are chemically unstable under reaction conditions leading to fast catalyst dissolution or amorphization, while the most stable catalysts lack sufficient activity.

Update on the therapy of adult-onset Still's disease with a focus on IL-1-inhibition: a systematic review.

Introduction: The past decade has seen increasingly rapid advances in understanding the pathogenic nature of adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD) and its shared symptoms with the systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA). Interleukin-1 (IL-1) blocking agents are key elements in the treatment. In this updated systematic review, we focus on studies on efficacy and safety of IL-1 blockers published in the past 5 years and review on latest available therapies.

Epidemiology, comorbidities, and healthcare utilization of patients with chronic urticaria in Germany.

Background: Comprehensive data on the epidemiology and comorbidities of chronic urticaria (CU) in Germany are either limited, or not contemporary.

Objectives: To investigate the epidemiology of CU, overall comorbidities and healthcare resource utilized by patients with CU in Germany, using an anonymized statutory health insurance (SHI) database.

Methods: Anonymized SHI claims research database of the Institute for Applied Health Research, Berlin [InGef] (01 January 2015-30 September 2018) was used to analyse insured individuals with a confirmed diagnosis of CU (ICD-10-GM codes).

Tuning electrochemically driven surface transformation in atomically flat LaNiO thin films for enhanced water electrolysis.

Structure-activity relationships built on descriptors of bulk and bulk-terminated surfaces are the basis for the rational design of electrocatalysts. However, electrochemically driven surface transformations complicate the identification of such descriptors. Here we demonstrate how the as-prepared surface composition of (001)-terminated LaNiO epitaxial thin films dictates the surface transformation and the electrocatalytic activity for the oxygen evolution reaction.

People-centered care for psoriasis and urticaria: Are we overlooking Internet addiction while only considering patients and physician settings?

Psoriasis and chronic urticaria (CU) are chronic skin diseases with a high impact on individuals' life and mental health. Some studies indicate a high prevalence of Internet addiction and many affected individuals seem not to utilize healthcare, but rather search for health-related information online. The aims of the study were to assess Internet addiction as a potential comorbidity in both diseases as well as identify differences in healthcare utilization between individuals with psoriasis and CU.

Bayesian Inference of Species Trees using Diffusion Models.

We describe a new and computationally efficient Bayesian methodology for inferring species trees and demographics from unlinked binary markers. Likelihood calculations are carried out using diffusion models of allele frequency dynamics combined with novel numerical algorithms. The diffusion approach allows for analysis of data sets containing hundreds or thousands of individuals.

In-Gap States and Band-Like Transport in Memristive Devices.

Point defects such as oxygen vacancies cause emergent phenomena such as resistive switching in transition-metal oxides, but their influence on the electron-transport properties is far from being understood. Here, we employ direct mapping of the electronic structure of a memristive device by spectromicroscopy. We find that oxygen vacancies result in in-gap states that we use as input for single-band transport simulations.

Peripheral Nerve Diffusion Tensor Imaging: Assessment of Axon and Myelin Sheath Integrity.

Purpose: To investigate the potential of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) parameters as in-vivo biomarkers of axon and myelin sheath integrity of the median nerve in the carpal tunnel as validated by correlation with electrophysiology.

Methods: MRI examinations at 3T including DTI were conducted on wrists in 30 healthy subjects. After manual segmentation of the median nerve quantitative analysis of fractional anisotropy (FA) as well as axial, radial and mean diffusivity (AD, RD, and MD) was carried out.

Ferroelectrically driven spatial carrier density modulation in graphene.

The next technological leap forward will be enabled by new materials and inventive means of manipulating them. Among the array of candidate materials, graphene has garnered much attention; however, due to the absence of a semiconducting gap, the realization of graphene-based devices often requires complex processing and design. Spatially controlled local potentials, for example, achieved through lithographically defined split-gate configurations, present a possible route to take advantage of this exciting two-dimensional material.

Renal, efficacy and safety outcomes following late conversion of kidney transplant patients from calcineurin inhibitor therapy to everolimus: the randomized APOLLO study.

Aims: The primary objective of this trial was to demonstrate, based on the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), superior renal function at month 12 after conversion of maintenance kidney transplant patients from calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) therapy to everolimus, compared to continuing a standard CNI regimen.

Materials And Methods: APOLLO was an open-label, 12-month, prospective, multicenter study in which 93 maintenance kidney transplant patients were randomized to convert from CNI to everolimus (n = 46) or remain on standard CNI-based immunosuppression (n = 47). The primary efficacy variable was eGFR (Nankivell formula) 12 months after randomization.

Life-history trade-offs mediate 'personality' variation in two colour morphs of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum.

Life-history trade-offs are considered a major driving force in the emergence of consistent behavioural differences (personality variation); but empirical tests are scarce. We investigated links between a personality trait (escape response), life-history and state variables (growth rate, size and age at first reproduction, age-dependent reproductive rates, lifetime reproductive success, life span) in red and green colour morphs of clonal pea aphids, Acyrthosiphon pisum. Escape response (dropping/non-dropping off a plant upon a predatory attack) was measured repeatedly to classify individuals as consistent droppers, consistent nondroppers or inconsistents.

EP300--a miRNA-regulated metastasis suppressor gene in ductal adenocarcinomas of the pancreas.

Genetic and epigenetic alterations during development of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDACs) are well known. This study investigates genetic and epigenetic data together with tumor biology to find specific alterations responsible for metastasis formation. Using 16 human PDAC cell lines in a murine orthotopic PDAC model, local infiltration and metastatic spread were assessed by standardized dissemination scores.

Heidelberg Phoneme Discrimination Test (HLAD): normative data for children of the third grade and correlation with spelling ability.

Objective: The Heidelberg Phoneme Discrimination Test (HLAD), developed and standardized in 1998, is widely used in the differential diagnosis of dyslexia. Normative data have only been available for children of the 2nd and 4th grades, while norms for the 3rd grade are still missing.

Patients And Methods: We assessed three HLAD subtests [auditory phoneme discrimination, kinesthetic phoneme discrimination (repeating minimal pairs) and phoneme analysis] in 140 children of the 3rd grade from eight elementary schools.

Amygdala pathology in psychosis of epilepsy: A magnetic resonance imaging study in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy.

Psychosis of epilepsy (POE) has been recognized as a severe complication of chronic intractable epilepsy for more than a century. Most of the clinical symptoms of POE are reminiscent of schizophrenia. Nevertheless, there is general agreement that the phenomenology of POE differs from classical schizophrenia.

Operator Lévy motion and multiscaling anomalous diffusion.

The long-term limit motions of individual heavy-tailed (power-law) particle jumps that characterize anomalous diffusion may have different scaling rates in different directions. Operator stable motions [Y(t):t> or =0] are limits of d-dimensional random jumps that are scale-invariant according to c(H)Y(t)=Y(ct), where H is a dxd matrix. The eigenvalues of the matrix have real parts 1/alpha(j), with each positive alpha(j)< or =2.

Rapid decline of cerebral microemboli of arterial origin after intravenous acetylsalicylic acid.

Background And Purpose: The present study investigated the influence of the antiplatelet agent acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) on cerebral microembolism as detected by transcranial Doppler sonography (TCD).

Methods: Nine patients with recent transient ischemic attack or minor stroke of arterial origin were investigated. Eight had not received an antiplatelet or anticoagulant medication before TCD, and in 1 patient a preexisting ASA medication (100 mg/d) had not been changed since the onset of stroke symptoms.