The effect of oral and nasal breathing on the deposition of inhaled particles in upper and tracheobronchial airways.

The inhalation route has a substantial influence on the fate of inhaled particles. An outbreak of infectious diseases such as COVID-19, influenza or tuberculosis depends on the site of deposition of the inhaled pathogens. But the knowledge of respiratory deposition is important also for occupational safety or targeted delivery of inhaled pharmaceuticals.

A method for in vitro regional aerosol deposition measurement in a model of the human tracheobronchial tree by the positron emission tomography.

Researchers have been studying aerosol transport in human lungs for some decades. The overall lung deposition can be predicted with sufficient precision nowadays. However, the prediction of local deposition remains an unsolved problem.

Various forms of (18)F-FDG PET and PET/CT findings in patients with polymyalgia rheumatica.

Aim: Polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) is a disease presenting with pain and stiffness, mainly in shoulders, hip joints and neck. Laboratory markers of inflammation may bolster diagnosis. PMR afflicts patients over 50 years old, predominantly women, and may also accompany giant cell arteritis.

Engineering the Pseudomonas aeruginosa II lectin: designing mutants with changed affinity and specificity.

This article focuses on designing mutations of the PA-IIL lectin from Pseudomonas aeruginosa that lead to change in specificity. Following the previous results revealing the importance of the amino acid triad 22-23-24 (so-called specificity-binding loop), saturation in silico mutagenesis was performed, with the intent of finding mutations that increase the lectin's affinity and modify its specificity. For that purpose, a combination of docking, molecular dynamics and binding free energy calculation was used.

In silico mutagenesis and docking study of Ralstonia solanacearum RSL lectin: performance of docking software to predict saccharide binding.

In this study, in silico mutagenesis and docking in Ralstonia solanacearum lectin (RSL) were carried out, and the ability of several docking software programs to calculate binding affinity was evaluated. In silico mutation of six amino acid residues (Agr17, Glu28, Gly39, Ala40, Trp76, and Trp81) was done, and a total of 114 in silico mutants of RSL were docked with Me-α-L-fucoside. Our results show that polar residues Arg17 and Glu28, as well as nonpolar amino acids Trp76 and Trp81, are crucial for binding.

Phase I trial of the irreversible EGFR and HER2 kinase inhibitor BIBW 2992 in patients with advanced solid tumors.

Purpose: Preclinical data have demonstrated that BIBW 2992 is a potent irreversible inhibitor of ErbB1 (EGFR/HER1) and mutated ErbB1 receptors including the T790M variant, as well as ErbB2 (HER2). A phase I study of continuous once-daily oral BIBW 2992 was conducted to determine safety, maximum-tolerated dose, pharmacokinetics (PK), food effect, and preliminary antitumor efficacy.

Patients And Methods: Patients with advanced solid tumors were treated.

In silico mutagenesis and docking studies of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA-IIL lectin predicting binding modes and energies.

This article is focused on the application of two types of docking software, AutoDock and DOCK. It is aimed at studying the interactions of a calcium-dependent bacterial lectin PA-IIL (from Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and its in silico mutants with saccharide ligands. The effect of different partial charges assigned to the calcium ions was tested and evaluated in terms of the best agreement with the crystal structure.

TRITON: a graphical tool for ligand-binding protein engineering.

Unlabelled: The new version of the TRITON program provides user-friendly graphical tools for modeling protein mutants using the external program MODELLER and for docking ligands into the mutants using the external program AutoDock. TRITON can now be used to design ligand-binding proteins, to study protein-ligand binding mechanisms or simply to dock any ligand to a protein.

Availability: Executable files of TRITON are available free of charge for academic users at http://ncbr.

Engineering of PA-IIL lectin from Pseudomonas aeruginosa - Unravelling the role of the specificity loop for sugar preference.

Background: Lectins are proteins of non-immune origin capable of binding saccharide structures with high specificity and affinity. Considering the high encoding capacity of oligosaccharides, this makes lectins important for adhesion and recognition. The present study is devoted to the PA-IIL lectin from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an opportunistic human pathogen capable of causing lethal complications in cystic fibrosis patients.

Unusual entropy-driven affinity of Chromobacterium violaceum lectin CV-IIL toward fucose and mannose.

The purple pigmented bacterium Chromobacterium violaceum is a dominant component of tropical soil microbiota that can cause rare but fatal septicaemia in humans. Its sequenced genome provides insight into the abundant potential of this organism for biotechnological and pharmaceutical applications and allowed an ORF encoding a protein that is 60% identical to the fucose binding lectin (PA-IIL) from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the mannose binding lectin (RS-IIL) from Ralstonia solanacearum to be identified. The lectin, CV-IIL, has recently been purified from C.