Is Serum TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 levels Correlated to Children with Autism Intensity?

Objective: Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), a group of multifunctional growth factors, plays an important role in the neuron survival and neurodevelopmental functions. Some studies have evaluated the correlation between TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 abnormalities and autism spectrum disorders. In this study, we compared the TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 levels between autistic and intellectually normal individuals.

Tongue-tie Repair: Z-Plasty Vs Simple Release.

Introduction: Ankyloglossia is a congenital anomaly in which the lingual frenulum is unusually short and thick, thus decreasing tongue mobility. In the context of the newborn or young infant it is a subject of ongoing controversy within and between medical specialties. The controversy involves not only the definition but also the management of this anomaly.