Genetic mutations underlying isoniazid-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.

Tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is a major public health issue in Pakistan. Isoniazid is a first-line pro-drug that requires activation through an enzyme called catalase peroxidase, but is subject to widespread resistance, driven by mutations in katG and inhA genes and other loci with compensatory effects (e.g.

A Rare Case of Asymptomatic Massive Colonic Lithobezoar in a Young Child.

Colonic bezoar is a rare condition of accumulation of foreign bodies or non-nutritious material in the large intestine, usually presenting with symptoms of obstruction. Colonic lithobezoar is an even more rare type of condition with only 12 cases reported in the literature to date. We present a case of a young, intellectually disabled kid, who was diagnosed incidentally with lithobezoar after a road traffic accident.

Defining exacerbations in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a very common disease often punctuated by intermittent episodes of exacerbation. These exacerbations affect the natural history of the disease, accelerating a decline in lung function. They affect the individual in many ways and affect the health service caring for these patients.

Distribution of Liver Disease in Bangladesh: A Cross-country Study.

Introduction: 'Hepatology', as an independent discipline of medical science, has recently been established in Bangladesh. The aim of this study was to formulate the distribution of pattern of liver diseases in this country.

Materials And Methods: In this retrospective study, data regarding patients of liver diseases from the seven different administrative divisions of Bangladesh between January 2012 and 2013 were compiled.