Synthesis, Characterization, and Stability Optimization of Ibuprofen Cocrystals eEploying Various Hydrophilic Polymers.

Background: Cocrystals are an efficient way for the delivery of low soluble drugs but when dissolved they rapidly disproportionate. To formulate the cocrystals in tablets, cocrystals must be stabilized. In this study ibuprofen-nicotinamide (IBU-NIC) cocrystals were synthesized initially by slow solvent evaporation and for bulk production by fast solvent evaporation techniques.

Preparation, Characterization and Evaluation of Flavonolignan Silymarin Effervescent Floating Matrix Tablets for Enhanced Oral Bioavailability.

The convenient and highly compliant route for the delivery of active pharmaceutical ingredients is the tablet. A versatile platform of tablets is available for the delivery of therapeutic agents to the gastrointestinal tract. This study aimed to prepare gastro retentive drug delivery floating tablets of silymarin to improve its oral bioavailability and solubility.

Anti-Inflammatory, Analgesic and Antioxidant Potential of New (2,3)-2-(4-isopropylbenzyl)-2-methyl-4-nitro-3-phenylbutanals and Their Corresponding Carboxylic Acids through In Vitro, In Silico and In Vivo Studies.

In the current study, a series of new (2,3)-2-(4-isopropylbenzyl)-2-methyl-4-nitro-3-phenylbutanals () with their corresponding carboxylic acid analogues () has been synthesized. Initially, the aldehydic derivatives were isolated in the diastereomeric form, and the structures were confirmed with NMR, MS and elemental analysis. Based on the encouraging results in in vitro COX 1/2, 5-LOX and antioxidant assays, we oxidized the compounds and obtained the pure single (major) diastereomer for activities.

Laser Responsive Cisplatin-Gold Nano-Assembly Synergizes the Effect of Cisplatin With Compliance.

Cisplatin therapy faces low bioavailability and clastogenic potential limitations. Early payload leakage of nanocarriers may impair adequate therapeutic efficacy. We propose encapsulation of cisplatin in such nanocarrier that can be externally stimulated for high payload release and enhanced toxicity at site of action.

Risk of potential drug-drug interactions in the cardiac intensive care units. A comparative analysis between 2 tertiary care hospitals.

To identify and compare the prevalence of drug-drug interactions (DDIs) in the intensive cardiac care units (CCUs) of 2 tertiary care hospitals and analyze their association with various predictors. Methods: This one-year prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in 2 tertiary care hospitals of Peshawar, Khyber Teaching Hospital (KTH) and Hayatabad Medical Complex (HMC), Peshawar, Pakistan, between January 2014 to Janury 2015. The patient medication profiles from the respective CCUs were evaluated for potential DDIs (PDDIs) using Micromedex DrugReax and Drug interaction facts.

Drug utilization in neonatal setting of Pakistan: focus on unlicensed and off label drug prescribing.

Background: Unlicensed and off label drug use is an issue recognized worldwide in pediatric pharmacotherapy. The study was designed to assess the prevalence and predictors of unlicensed and off label drug use in neonatal population of Pakistan.

Method: A prospective, observation study was conducted in nursery units at pediatric department of four tertiary care hospitals during the 1 year.

Unlicensed and off-label use of drugs in pediatric surgical units at tertiary care hospitals of Pakistan.

Background Unlicensed and off-label prescribing practice is global dilemma around the world. This pioneering study was designed to determine unlicensed and off-label use of drug in surgical wards of tertiary care hospitals of Pakistan. Objective To assess unlicensed and off-label use of drugs in pediatric surgical unit at three tertiary care hospitals in Peshawar, Pakistan.

Synergistic combinatorial antihyperlipidemic study of selected natural antioxidants; modulatory effects on lipid profile and endogenous antioxidants.

Background: Hyperlipidemia, a major pathological condition associated with disrupted lipid levels and physiological redox homeostasis. The excessive release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) leads to enhanced lipid peroxidation, aggravated atherosclerosis and oxidative stress. Integration of natural antioxidant blends in alone or with conventional treatments can alleviate these issues synergistically contributing least side effects.

Pharmacological screening of Monotheca buxifolia (Falc.) A. DC. for antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activities.

Background: Medicinal plants have proven their importance as a valuable source of molecules with therapeutic potential. Monotheca buxifolia (Falc.) A.

Microbial spoilage, instability risk of antacid suspension in the presence of commonly used preservative system.

Manifestation of microbial spoilage of any product by bacteria and to assess the effectiveness of the anti-microbial preservatives (parabens) used for the prevention and stability purpose. The aim of the present work is to study the effectiveness of preservatives used in the antacid suspensions and to analyze the effect of microbial growth on the quality of respective antacid suspensions. Samples of various antacid suspensions were randomly collected from local market and Government hospital pharmacies.

Development and evaluation of pluronic- and methylcellulose-based thermoreversible drug delivery system for insulin.

The objective of the current work was to develop and evaluate thermoreversible subcutaneous drug delivery system for Insulin. Thermoreversible in-situ gel system was developed and evaluated both in-vitro and in-vivo comprising of pluronic F-127 alone or in combination with methylcellulose in different ratios. The drug release kinetics and mechanism was predicted by applying various mathematical models to the in-vitro dissolution data.

Development and evaluation of diclofenac sodium thermorevesible subcutaneous drug delivery system.

The objective of current work was to develop and evaluate thermoreversible subcutaneous drug delivery system for diclofenac sodium. The poloxamer 407, methyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose and polyethylene glycol were used alone and in combination in different ratios to design the delivery system. The physical properties like Tsol-gel, viscosity, clarity of solution and gel were evaluated.

Metal analysis, phytotoxic, insecticidal and cytotoxic activities of selected medicinal plants of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.

In the present study four medicinal plants traditionally used in Pakistan for treatment of various ailments were evaluated for their heavy metals content, insecticidal, cytotoxic and phytotoxic actions. The metals like Cr, Cu, Zn, Mn, Ni, Pb, Fe and Co were determined in crude extract and various fractions. Soil samples were also tested for heavy metals to determine assimilation of any metal by the plant.

Simultaneous determination of timolol maleate, rosuvastatin calcium and diclofenac sodium in pharmaceuticals and physiological fluids using HPLC-UV.

A novel HPLC-UV method was developed for the simultaneous determination of timolol (TM), rosuvastatin (RST), and diclofenac sodium (DS) in pharmaceuticals, human plasma and aqueous humor using naproxen sodium as internal standard (IS). The target compounds were analyzed on Hypersil BDS C(18) column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm), applying 0.

Preparation and in-vitro in-vivo evaluation of sustained release matrix diclofenac sodium tablets using PVP-K90 and natural gums.

Conventional dosage form is nowadays mostly replaced by sustained release formulation in order to increase drug efficacy and patient compliance. The sustained release properties of the PVP K90 alone and in combination with guar gum, xanthan gum and gum tragacanth were evaluated using diclofenac sodium (100 mg/tablet) as a model drug. Tablets were processed using wet granulation method and evaluated for sustained drug release properties.

A new HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of ascorbic acid and aminothiols in human plasma and erythrocytes using electrochemical detection.

A new, simple, economical and validated high-performance liquid chromatography linked with electrochemical detector (HPLC-ECD) method has been developed and optimized for different experimental parameters to analyze the most common monothiols and disulfide (cystine, cysteine, homocysteine, methionine, reduced (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG)) and ascorbic acid present in human plasma and erythrocytes using dopamine as internal standard (IS). Complete separation of all the targets analytes and IS at 35°C on Discovery HS C18 RP column (250 mm × 4.6mm, 5 μm) was achieved using 0.

The frequency of old world cutaneous leishmaniasis in skin ulcers in Peshawar.

Background: Old World Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (OWCL) is a preventable skin infection that leads to morbidity and social isolation. It is spreading rapidly. The sore of OWCL may be a non-ulcerative red papule, nodule or a large mutilating ulcer.

Pharmacokinetic interaction of ciprofloxacin with diclofenac: a single-dose, two-period crossover study in healthy adult volunteers.

Background And Objective: Ciprofloxacin is a broad-spectrum, synthetic antibacterial used for the treatment of various bacterial infections. In multidrug therapy, ciprofloxacin is commonly prescribed with analgesics for the management of infection, pain and inflammation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetic properties of ciprofloxacin tablets with concurrent administration of diclofenac tablets in healthy adult human volunteers.

Prevalence and beta-lactamase producing bacterial isolates in a teaching hospital in Peshawar, Pakistan: a four year study.

Prevalence of microorganisms was studies in clinical samples of various body fluids (n=12,259), collected from patients at Post graduate Medical Institute Hayatabad Medical Complex (PGMI, HMC) Peshawar. Only 34.90% of samples exhibited growth, 36.

Report: prevalence and resistance pattern of Pseudomonas aeruginosa against various antibiotics.

A prospective study on various clinical isolates from patients admitted from various parts of NWFP and Afghanistan at Post Graduate Medical Institute (PGMI) Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar was conducted from January 2000 to December 2004 to ascertain the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. Among 4709 positive isolates, 314 (6.67%) were Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Nasal carriage of staphylococci in health care workers: antimicrobial susceptibility profile.

One year prospective study was evaluated to ascertain the prevalence of nasal carriage of potentially pathogenic bacteria in health care workers and the antibiotic susceptibility profile. The bacterial strains were identified by conventional method and the antibiotic resistance was carried out by disc diffusion method. The prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase negative staphylococci and methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus were 48%, 46% and 14% respectively.

Effect of partial replacement of different defatted oil seed cakes as substrate in biosynthesis of bacitracin in solid-state fermentation by Bacillus licheniformis.

The present study was conducted to ascertain the effect of partial replacement of different defatted oil seed cakes as substrate i.e. sunflower meal, rice hulls and soybean meal, in biosynthesis of Bacitracin in Solid-State Fermentation by Bacillus licheniformis on laboratory scale.