Chromosomal Markers Are Useful to Species Identification in Rivulidae (Cyprinodontiformes, Aplocheiloidei), Including the Resolution of Taxonomic Uncertainties in a Vulnerable Species Complex.

Killifishes are a unique and diversified fish group composed of several annual species inhabiting ephemeral pools in tropical and subtropical regions. Moreover, many genera have probably undergone fast speciation with a high number of short-ranged species of controversial taxonomy. This is the case of the "" complex (Aplocheiloidei, Rivulidae) that includes nine recently described taxa of remarkable morphological similarity, endemic to Brazil.

Molecular Identification and Traceability of Illegal Trading in (Teleostei: Characiformes), a Threatened Brazilian Fish Species, Using DNA Barcode.

is a threatened freshwater fish species and endemic of a few coastal rivers in northeastern Brazil. Even though the Brazilian laws prohibit the fisheries of threatened species, is occasionally found in street markets, being highly appreciated by local population. In order to provide a reliable DNA barcode dataset for , we compared mitochondrial sequences of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) from fresh, frozen, and salt-preserved specimens.

Cryptic Chromosomal Diversity in the Complex "Geophagus" brasiliensis (Perciformes, Cichlidae).

Among American cichlids, Geophagus stands out as a species-rich genus widespread over neotropical region. Despite their diversity and confusing taxonomy, only few and basic chromosomal reports are available in populations/species along Atlantic coast, hindering our understanding about evolutionary trends in this genus. Therefore, detailed chromosomal studies were performed in "Geophagus" brasiliensis complex from coastal rivers in northeastern Brazil, totalizing seven populations of Geophagus brasiliensis and one of Geophagus itapicuruensis.