Evaluation of two polyethylene bags in preventing admission hypothermia in preterm infants: a quasi-randomized clinical trial.

Objective: To compare two polyethylene bags in preventing admission hypothermia in preterm infants born at <34 weeks gestation.

Method: Quasi-randomized unblinded clinical trial conducted at a level III neonatal unit between June 2018 to September 2019. The authors assign infants between 24 and 33 weeks' gestation to receive NeoHelp™ bag (intervention group) or a usual plastic bag (control group).

Conservative management of newborns with 35 weeks or more of gestational age at risk for early-onset sepsis: a Brazilian cohort study.

Objective: To evaluate the conservative management of newborns born at ≥35 weeks of gestational age, at risk for early-onset neonatal sepsis (EOS).

Methods: Retrospective, analytic cohort study (2016 to 2019), including newborns ≥35 weeks of gestational at risk of EOS, asymptomatic at birth, managed conservatively in full rooming-in: serial physical examination and clinical observation for at least 48 h. They were classified into three groups, according to the clinical course: asymptomatic (group A), symptomatic for other reasons (group B), and with sepsis (group C).

Neonatal Sequential Organ Failure Assessment as a late-onset sepsis mortality predictor in very low birth weight newborns: a Brazilian cohort study.

Death is a frequent occurrence in late-onset neonatal sepsis (LOS). We aimed to evaluate if the Neonatal Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (nSOFA) is associated with mortality due to LOS in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. This is a single-center Brazilian cohort study including VLBW infants admitted between 2006 and 2020 who were diagnosed with LOS caused by Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus sp or Gram-negative bacteria.

Translating Neonatal Resuscitation Guidelines Into Practice in Brazil.

Background And Objectives: The Brazilian Neonatal Resuscitation Program releases guidelines based on local interpretation of international consensus on science and treatment recommendations. We aimed to analyze whether guidelines for preterm newborns were applied to practice in the 20 Brazilian Network on Neonatal Research centers of this middle-income country.

Methods: Prospectively collected data from 2014 to 2020 were analyzed for 8514 infants born at 230/7 to 316/7 weeks' gestation.

Prevalence and Outcomes of Congenital Heart Disease in Very Low Birth Weight Preterm Infants: An Observational Study From the Brazilian Neonatal Network Database.

Objectives: To evaluate the prevalence of congenital heart disease and their outcomes in a Brazilian cohort of very low birth weight preterm infants.

Design: Post hoc analysis of data from the Brazilian Neonatal Network database, complemented by retrospective data from medical charts and a cross-sectional survey.

Setting: Twenty public tertiary-care university hospitals.

[Cerebral blood flow assessment of preterm infants during respiratory therapy with the expiratory flow increase technique].

Objective:: To assess the impact of respiratory therapy with the expiratory flow increase technique on cerebral hemodynamics of premature newborns.

Methods:: This is an intervention study, which included 40 preterm infants (≤34 weeks) aged 8-15 days of life, clinically stable in ambient air or oxygen catheter use. Children with heart defects, diagnosis of brain lesion and/or those using vasoactive drugs were excluded.

Peri-intraventricular hemorrhage and oxidative and inflammatory stress markers in very-low birth weight newborns.

Objectives: To evaluate the association between oxidative and inflammatory stress markers with peri-intraventricular hemorrhage (PIVH) in very-low birth weight newborns.

Methods: This was a prospective study conducted in a level III neonatal unit. Basal and stimulated reactive oxygen intermediates (ROIs), reduced glutathione (GSH), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were measured in umbilical cord blood.

Acute liver failure in a term neonate after repeated paracetamol administration.

Objective: Severe hepatotoxicity caused by paracetamol is rare in neonates. We report a case of paracetamol-induced acute liver failure in a term neonate.

Case Description: A 26-day-old boy was admitted with intestinal bleeding, shock signs, slight liver enlargement, coagulopathy, metabolic acidosis (pH=7.

Antenatal maternal corticosteroid administration and markers of oxidative stress and inflammation in umbilical cord blood from very low birth weight preterm newborn infants.

Objective: To investigate the association between antenatal maternal corticosteroid administration and blood levels of reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI), reduced glutathione (GR) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in preterm, very low birth weight infants.

Methods: This was a cohort study in which cord blood samples were used for the following tests: baseline and stimulated granulocyte ROI were measured by flow cytometry; GR was assayed by spectrophotometry; and IL-6 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Two different comparative analyses of antenatal corticosteroid (betamethasone) were conducted: the first compared administration against no administration and the second compared mothers who received the complete cycle with those given only a partial antenatal corticosteroid cycle.

Incidence of periventricular/intraventricular hemorrhage in very low birth weight infants: a 15-year cohort study.

Objective: To assess the incidence of periventricular/intraventricular hemorrhage (PIVH) in very low birth rate neonates.

Methods: This was a prospective cohort study conducted on a sample of very low birth weight infants over a 15-year period. Neonates who did not undergo cerebral ultrasonography, had malformations affecting the central nervous system, or died within the first 24 hours of life were excluded.

Accuracy of white blood cell count, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha for diagnosing late neonatal sepsis.

Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic value for late neonatal sepsis of white blood cell count (WBC) and assays for C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), in isolation and in conjunction.

Methods: This was a diagnostic test validation study. Chemiluminescence was used to assay CRP, IL-6 and TNF-alpha at the time of clinical suspicion and again after 24 and 48 hours, whereas the WBC was performed only once, at the time of suspicion.