Assessment of Hygiene Practices, Awareness, and Water Consumption Regarding Covid-19 Among Children in a Refugee Camp.

Introduction: At the outbreak of infectious diseases, the response of different communities to the disease varies, and children are most affected by the collective anxiety and grief that consequently arises. In this research, the behavior of children and their parents in terms of hygiene and precautions before and during the COVID-19 pandemic was investigated.

Methodology: The focus of the present research was on sanitation facilities, particularly access to end-use of water for hand washing.

Groundwater sustainability assessment based on socio-economic and environmental variables: a simple dynamic indicator-based approach.

The Dehgolan aquifer, which lies in semiarid western Iran, was evaluated using a multi-influencing factor (MIF) analysis to determine groundwater sustainability. Eight indicators, including climatic variability, groundwater exploitation (pumping), groundwater quality, groundwater vulnerability, public participation, legal framework, water productivity, and occupation related to groundwater, were quantified and placed into a series of thematic maps within a GIS framework. Each factor was weighted based on the analyses obtained from the MIF model and the stacked maps were summed to yield a final map showing the degree of sustainability within the groundwater basin.

A GIS-expert-based approach for groundwater quality monitoring network design in an alluvial aquifer: a case study and a practical guide.

Groundwater quality monitoring is a critical part of water management in all groundwater basins. In order to be effective and to meet the required needs, groundwater quality monitoring networks (GQMNs) must be designed to be able to operate long-term and economically without minimal disruption. The analytical hierarchical process (AHP), a multi-criteria decision-making program, was used to design a GQMN for an alluvial aquifer located in the Islam Abad plain west of Kermanshah province, Iran.