Comparing Intubation Rates in Patients Receiving Parenteral Olanzapine With and Without a Parenteral Benzodiazepine in the Emergency Department.

Study Objective: United States prescribing information recommends against coadministration of injectable olanzapine with injectable benzodiazepines due to a risk of cardiorespiratory depression, whereas European prescribing information recommends the 2 drugs not be administered within 60 minutes of each other. In contrast, a recently published American College of Emergency Physicians clinical policy recommends injectable olanzapine and benzodiazepines be coadministered for treating severe agitation. We sought to compare injectable olanzapine with and without injectable benzodiazepines for evidence of cardiorespiratory depression.

Forgotten Fundamentals: A Review of State Legislation on Nutrition for Incarcerated Pregnant and Postpartum People.

Adequate nutritional intake during pregnancy is critical to infant health and development. People with the capacity for pregnancy who are incarcerated have limited control over their diets and rely on prisons and jails to meet their nutritional needs. This study examined state and federal statutes pertaining to nutrition care for pregnant people while incarcerated.

Race, Ethnicity, and Cultural Identity Modify Postpartum Participation in the Minnesota WIC Program.

Objective: To examine the racial, ethnic and cultural differences in postpartum participation of women who participated in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC) during pregnancy by completing a retrospective analysis of observational data on 35,903 women who enrolled in Minnesota WIC during pregnancy, from April 2018 to March 2020.

Methods: Descriptive analyses were completed using chi-square tests of association to show differences in postpartum WIC participation by maternal demographics and health risk codes of the WIC participants. Binary logistic regression and multivariate logistic regression were used to obtain odds ratios to compare the likelihood of postpartum WIC participation across different races, ethnicities and cultural groups.

Extraglottic device use is rare during emergency airway management: A National Emergency Airway Registry (NEAR) study.

Introduction: Airway management is a critical component of the management of emergency department (ED) patients. The ED airway literature primarily focuses upon endotracheal intubation; relatively less is known about the ED use of extraglottic devices (EGDs). The goal of this study was to describe the frequency of use, success, and complications for EGDs among ED patients.

Comparison of efficacy and frequency of akathisia and dystonia between olanzapine, metoclopramide and prochlorperazine in ED headache patients.

Study Objective: To compare the efficacy and frequency of akathisia and dystonia between the dopamine antagonist headache medications olanzapine, metoclopramide and prochlorperazine.

Methods: This was a retrospective observational cohort study of patients presenting to a large urban level one trauma center between 2010 and 2018. Inclusion criteria was age ≥ 18 who presented to the emergency department with a chief complaint of headache who received either olanzapine, metoclopramide or prochlorperazine.

Identification of positive parenting practices among parents of young children living in low-income and racially, ethnically, and culturally diverse households.

Using the positive deviance approach, the purpose of this study was to identify parent feeding practices that might be protective against early childhood obesity among children with lower weight status (BMI percentile ≥5th-<85th) relative to higher weight status (BMI percentile ≥85th). Qualitative interviews were conducted with 71 parents of children aged 2-5 years old (48% girls) enrolled in the Minnesota Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women Infants and Children (WIC). Children were identified as having lower weight status (defined as 'positive deviants') (n = 36) or 'higher weight status' (n = 35), and were African American [n = 22], Hispanic [n = 23], or Hmong [n = 26]).

Training the MCH workforce: the Time for Change is now.

Introduction: Maternal and child health (MCH) services are critical for vulnerable populations. Workforce shortages, poor retention, and gaps in necessary trainings impede the capacity of public health systems to address needs. This manuscript characterizes the current MCH workforce, MCH program applicants and graduates, and describe findings within a national context to devise elements of a recruitment and retention strategy.

Outcomes From Healthy Eating and Physical Activity Recognition Programs in Early Child Care and Education: A Scoping Review.

Objective: Recognition programs are designed to incentivize early care and education (ECE) settings to implement childhood obesity prevention standards, yet little is known regarding their efficacy. This scoping review details characteristics, methodologies, and criteria used to evaluate recognition programs, identifies gaps in evaluation, and synthesizes existing evidence.

Data Source: A public health librarian created the search strategies for six databases: Ovid MEDLINE, AGRICOLA, CAB Abstracts, PAIS Index, ERIC, and Scopus.

Bronchoscopy in the emergency department.

Background: Flexible bronchoscopy has been safely used for decades in ambulatory and critical care settings to aid in the diagnosis and treatment of tracheobronchial tree disorders. Although emergency physicians have the requisite skills to operate and interpret flexible bronchoscopy, no reports exist on the use of bronchoscopy by emergency physicians apart from endotracheal tube placement and confirmation.

Objective: The primary goal of this study was to describe the indications, outcomes and complications of flexible bronchoscopy performed by emergency physicians in an urban academic emergency department.

Maternal Psychological Distress and Lactation and Breastfeeding Outcomes: a Narrative Review.

Purpose: Despite recommendations from the World Health Organization and the American Academy of Pediatrics to exclusively breastfeed infants for their first 6 months of life, 75% of women do not meet exclusive breastfeeding guidelines, and 60% do not meet their own breastfeeding goals. Numerous observational studies have linked maternal psychological distress (eg, perceived stress, anxiety, and depression) with nonoptimal breastfeeding outcomes, such as decreased proportion and duration of exclusive breastfeeding. The physiological mechanisms underlying these associations, however, remain unclear.

Rapid Sequence Airway with the Intubating Laryngeal Mask in the Emergency Department.

Background: The administration of sedation and neuromuscular blockade to facilitate extraglottic device (EGD) placement is known as rapid sequence airway (RSA). In the emergency department (ED), EGDs are used largely as rescue devices. In select patients, there may be significant advantages to using EGDs over laryngoscopy as the primary airway device in the ED.

Omega-3 Fatty Acid Dietary Supplements Consumed During Pregnancy and Lactation and Child Neurodevelopment: A Systematic Review.

Background: Maternal nutrition during pregnancy and lactation has profound effects on the development and lifelong health of the child. Long-chain PUFAs are particularly important for myelination and the development of vision during the perinatal period.

Objectives: We conducted a systematic review to examine the relationship between supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids during pregnancy and/or lactation and neurodevelopment in children, to inform the Scientific Report of the 2020 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee.

Development of Food Pattern Recommendations for Infants and Toddlers 6-24 Months of Age to Support the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2020-2025.

Background: Developing food-based dietary guidelines (FBDGs) for infants and toddlers is a complex task that few countries have attempted.

Objectives: Our objectives are to describe the process of food pattern modeling (FPM) conducted to develop FBDGs for the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2020-2025 for infants 6 to <12 mo and toddlers 12 to <24 mo of age, as well as the implications of the results and areas needing further work.

Methods: The US 2020 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee, with the support of federal staff, conducted FPM analyses using 5 steps: 1) identified energy intake targets; 2) established nutritional goals; 3) identified food groupings and expected amounts, using 3 options for the amount of energy from human milk in each age interval; 4) estimated expected nutrient intakes for each scenario, based on nutrient-dense representative foods; and 5) evaluated expected nutrient intakes against nutritional goals.

A Prospective Study of Intramuscular Droperidol or Olanzapine for Acute Agitation in the Emergency Department: A Natural Experiment Owing to Drug Shortages.

Study Objective: Intramuscular medications are commonly used to treat agitation in the emergency department (ED). The purpose of this study is to compare intramuscular droperidol and olanzapine for treating agitation.

Methods: This was a prospective observational study of ED patients receiving intramuscular droperidol or olanzapine for acute agitation.

Non-invasive zero-heat-flux technology compared with traditional core temperature measurements in the emergency department.

Introduction: Core temperatures (T) are often invasive, and can be underutilized. Peripheral temperatures are easier to obtain, but are often less accurate. A zero-heat-flux thermometer (ZHF) is a non-invasive method to obtain core temperatures (T), and has been accurate when compared to T in the operating room.

A comparative study of conducted electrical weapon incapacitation during a goal-directed task.

Conducted electrical weapons (CEW) are ubiquitous in law enforcement given their unique ability to physically incapacitate violently resisting subjects. Early use of animal models to study CEW incapacitation effectiveness (e.g.

Time to Loss of Preoxygenation in Emergency Department Patients.

Background: In patients requiring emergency rapid sequence intubation (RSI), 100% oxygen is often delivered for preoxygenation to replace alveolar nitrogen with oxygen. Sometimes, however, preoxygenation devices are prematurely removed from the patient prior to the onset of apnea, which can lead to rapid loss of preoxygenation.

Objective: We sought to determine the elapsed time, on average, between removing the oxygen source and the loss of preoxygenation among non-critically ill patients in the emergency department (ED).