Geography of the Underserved: The Contribution of Rural Non-trauma Hospitals to Trauma Care.

Objective: To determine the proportion and characteristics of injured rural residents treated at urban trauma centers (TCs), urban non-trauma centers (NTCs), rural TCs, and rural NTCs.

Summary Background Data: Timely treatment at a designated TC improves outcomes for patients with serious injuries, but rural residents have limited access to designated TCs. Rural NTCs may constitute an under-recognized source of TC.

Fatal and Nonfatal Firearm Injury Rates by Race and Ethnicity in the United States, 2019 to 2020.

Background: Racial disparities in firearm injury death in the United States are well established. Less is known about the magnitude of nonfatal and total firearm injury.

Objective: To combine health care data with death certificate data to estimate total firearm injuries in various racial and ethnic groups.

Hemodynamic Deterioration of Trauma Patients Undergoing Interhospital Transfer.

Introduction: Organized trauma systems reduce morbidity and mortality after serious injury. Rapid transport to high-level trauma centers is ideal, but not always feasible. Thus, interhospital transfers are an important component of trauma systems.

Crossing the line: access to trauma care across state borders.

Objective: This study investigates the challenge posed by state borders by identifying the population, injury, and geographic scope of areas of the country where the closest trauma center is out-of-state, and by collating state emergency medical services (EMS) policies relevant to cross-border trauma transport.

Methods: We identified designated levels I, II, and III trauma centers using data from American Trauma Society. ArcGIS was used to map the distance between US census block groups and trauma centers to identify the geographic areas for which cross-border transport may be most expedient.

A Statewide Analysis of Self-Inflicted Injuries During COVID-19 Pandemic: Is There Adequate Access to Mental Health?

Introduction: Many social and behavioral changes occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our objective was to identify changes in incidence of self-inflicted injuries during COVID-19 compared to prepandemic years. Further, we aimed to identify risk factors associated with self-inflicted injuries before and during the pandemic.

Glucuronides Hydrolysis by Intestinal Microbial -Glucuronidases (GUS) Is Affected by Sampling, Enzyme Preparation, Buffer pH, and Species.

Glucuronides hydrolysis by intestinal microbial -Glucuronidases (GUS) is an important procedure for many endogenous and exogenous compounds. The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of experimental conditions on glucuronide hydrolysis by intestinal microbial GUS. Standard probe 4-Nitrophenyl -D-glucopyranoside (pNPG) and a natural glucuronide wogonoside were used as the model compounds.