Momentary mindfulness versus distraction coping messages to reduce cannabis craving among young adults: A microrandomized trial.

Objective: Rates of problematic cannabis use among young adults are high and increasing. Craving for cannabis varies throughout the day and is an important risk factor for cannabis use, yet no studies to date have tested interventions offered at the moment craving is experienced in the natural environment.

Method: This study used an efficient and innovative microrandomized trial design to test two distinct types of coping messages (mindfulness strategy vs.

SMART longitudinal analysis: A tutorial for using repeated outcome measures from SMART studies to compare adaptive interventions.

In recent years, there has been increased interest in the development of adaptive interventions across various domains of health and psychological research. An adaptive intervention is a protocolized sequence of individualized treatments that seeks to address the unique and changing needs of individuals as they progress through an intervention program. The sequential, multiple assignment, randomized trial (SMART) is an experimental study design that can be used to build the empirical basis for the construction of effective adaptive interventions.

A Data Analysis Method for Using Longitudinal Binary Outcome Data from a SMART to Compare Adaptive Interventions.

Sequential multiple assignment randomized trials (SMARTs) are a useful and increasingly popular approach for gathering information to inform the construction of adaptive interventions to treat psychological and behavioral health conditions. Until recently, analysis methods for data from SMART designs considered only a single measurement of the outcome of interest when comparing the efficacy of adaptive interventions. Lu et al.