Does the Relationship between Affect and Social Interactions among Adults Experiencing Homelessness Differ during Moments when at a Shelter versus Not?

The prevalence of alcohol use disorders is higher amongst adults experiencing homelessness (AEH) compared with domiciled adults. Greater exposure to heavy drinkers increases personal risk for heavy alcohol use. AEH spend substantial periods of time at shelters and report greater pressure to use alcohol when near shelter locations, as well as greater negative affect when near a shelter.

Bystander Motivations and Barriers to Helping Intoxicated Peers.

We examined the prevalence of self-reported motivations and barriers to helping intoxicated peers among emerging adults (= 377; = 18.64; 75% women, 88% White) attending a Southeastern university and whether motivations and barriers differed by age, gender, race, and class standing. Respondents aged 19-24 were more likely to endorse the motivation item "Because it was your "turn" to be the helper/designated driver (DD) that night" than eighteen-year-olds.

Impact of Nicotine Replacement Therapy Sampling on Cessation-Related Processes.

Objectives: Smoking prevalence remains high among low-income smokers. Understanding processes (eg, withdrawal, craving, motivation) in early smoking cessation is crucially important for designing effective interventions for this population.

Methods: This is a secondary analysis of a novel, in-session sampling intervention (ie, In Vivo) as compared with standard care behavioral smoking cessation counseling (SC) among community-dwelling low-income smokers (n = 83).

School Connectedness and Risk for Sexual Intercourse and Nonconsensual Sex in Adolescence.

The CDC reports that 30% of high school students have engaged in sexual intercourse. Evidence suggests biological, personal, peer, societal, and family variables affect when a child will initiate sex. The school environment plays an important role in a child's development.

Evolution, the Cognitive Sciences, and the Science of Victimization.

Despite clear aversion to such labels, one of the most impactful criminological theories is rooted in cognitive science. Gottfredson and Hirschi's general theory has been repeatedly tested, replicated relatively well, and has since reached beyond its original scope to explain other important outcomes like victimization. However, the work never viewed itself as part of a larger scientific landscape and resisted the incursion of neuroscience, cognitive science, and evolutionary theory from the start.

Daily adherence to nicotine replacement therapy in low-income smokers: The role of gender, negative mood, motivation, and self-efficacy.

Background: Low-income smokers may benefit from interventions promoting nicotine replacement therapies (NRTs), particularly for women, as women have worse smoking cessation outcomes than men. Little is known about factors that affect daily NRT adherence, such as negative mood, motivation, and self-efficacy, and whether gender moderates these associations.

Methods: Secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial comparing a novel, in session sampling of short-acting combination NRT intervention (In Vivo) to standard care smoking cessation behavioral counseling was performed.

Self-Rated Health and Mental Health Among African Americans in the Rural South: The Influence of Social Determinants of Health.

Background: The current study examines the influence of seven categories of social determinants of health (i.e., financial resource strain, food insecurity, transportation needs, housing instability, education and health literacy, social isolation, and interpersonal safety), as well as perceived race-related discrimination and disparities in received health care quality on self-rated health and mental health.

Adverse childhood experiences and adolescent mental health: Understanding the roles of gender and teenage risk and protective factors.

Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) have been linked to a host of negative outcomes in adolescence. However, research on the impact of ACEs on adolescent mental health has produced mixed results, leaving it unclear how ACEs may relate to depression and anxiety during adolescence. Moreover, this body of work has neglected how gender, risk and protective factors may influence these relationships, despite research demonstrating gender differences in both responses to adversity and in the impact of risk and protective factors on maladaptive outcomes in adolescence.

Pubertal timing moderates the same-day coupling between family hassles and negative affect in girls and boys.

This study examined the association between pubertal timing, daily affect, conduct problems, and the exposure to hassles across family, peer, and school contexts. Adolescents ( = 12.27; 49.

Sex Differences in the Relationship Between Early Adverse Childhood Experiences, Delinquency, and Substance Use Initiation in High-Risk Adolescents.

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been linked to a host of subsequent negative health and behavioral problems. However, the role of sex in the ramifications of early ACEs remains unclear, particularly for delinquency and substance use initiation in adolescence. A small body of research has produced mixed findings on sex differences in the relationship between ACEs and antisocial outcomes in adolescence, resulting in uncertainty about whether and how ACEs may operate differently for boys and girls.

Effectiveness and Utility of Mobile Device Assessment of Subjective Craving during Residential Opioid Dependence Treatment.

Craving is a dynamic state that is both theoretically and empirically linked to relapse in addiction. Static measures cannot adequately capture the dynamic nature of craving, and research has shown that these measures are limited in their capacity to link craving to treatment outcomes. The current study reports on assessments of craving collected 4x-day across 12 days from 73 patients in residential treatment for opioid dependence.

Opioid Literacy of Korean Americans in Rural Alabama: Addressing the Role of Social Determinants of Health.

Introduction: Opioid crisis has disproportionately affected Alabamians with the highest opioid prescription rate, and it is subjected to affect Korean Americans (KA) negatively based on common predictors of opioid misuse that KA possess.

Method: Cross-sectional data of KA in rural Alabama ( = 230) were analyzed. Opioid literacy was assessed by the Brief Opioid Overdose Knowledge survey.

Trauma Exposure and Problem Drinking in Late Adolescence: A Latent Profile Analysis.

Exposure to early traumatic events has been implicated in problem drinking during late adolescence, and this association may be stronger among youth with emotion regulation deficits. The purpose of this study was to identify subgroups of late adolescents based on trauma type, including loss, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms; and emotion regulation deficits that confer the risk for problematic drinking behaviors. A sample of 946 participants (M age = 18.

Annual Research Review: Ecological momentary assessment studies in child psychology and psychiatry.

Background: Enhancements in mobile phone technology allow the study of children and adolescents' everyday lives like never before. Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) uses these advancements to allow in-depth measurements of links between context, behavior, and physiology in youths' everyday lives.

Findings: A large and diverse literature now exists on using EMA to study mental and behavioral health among youth.

Romantic Partner Alcohol Misuse Interacts with Genotype to Predict Frequency of Drunkenness in Young Adulthood.

Previous research has identified the importance of romantic partners-including spouses, significant others, and dating partners-for influencing the engagement in health-risking behaviors, such as alcohol misuse during emerging adulthood. Although genetic factors are known to play a role in the development of young adult alcohol misuse, little research has examined whether genetic factors affect young adults' susceptibility to their romantic partners' alcohol misusing behaviors. The current study tests whether a single nucleotide polymorphism in the gene (rs279845) moderates the relationship between romantic partner alcohol misuse and frequency of drunkenness in young adulthood.

The Role of Paternal Age in the Prediction of Offspring Intelligence.

Recent evidence suggests that paternal age at birth influences myriad developmental outcomes among children, but few studies have examined the possibility for father's age to influence children's intellectual development among a sample of high-risk families. The authors use data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study to examine the association between paternal age at birth among 480 male and 449 female children's verbal IQ scores, as assessed with a version of the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test at 9 years old. The nonlinear association between paternal age and children's verbal intelligence was also examined.

The effect of omega-3 fatty acids on aggression: A meta-analysis.

Evidence suggests that omega-3 fatty acids are important for a variety of mental health outcomes and have been shown to improve both mood and behaviors. However, there is little consensus on whether omega-3 fatty acids are beneficial for reducing aggressive behaviors. The current study assesses the relationship between omega-3 fatty acids and aggression.

The Effects of Low Self-Control and Delinquent Peers on Alcohol, Tobacco, and Drug Use in a Sample of Saudi Arabian Youth.

A considerable amount of research has examined patterns of substance use and the potential explanations of it among samples from the United States and other industrialized nations. To date, however, no research has explored these issues in a sample of Saudi Arabian youth. The current study addressed this gap in the literature and examined the lifetime use of drugs, alcohol, and tobacco among Saudi Arabian youth.