Evaluation and Pharmacologic Management of Paroxysmal Sympathetic Hyperactivity in Traumatic Brain Injury.

Objective: Paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity (PSH) can occur in up to 10% of severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients and is associated with poorer outcomes. A consensus regarding management is lacking. We provide a practical guide on the multi-faceted clinical management of PSH, including pharmacological, procedural and non-pharmacological interventions.