Utility of Screening for Obstructive Sleep Apnea with the Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ) in Children with Craniofacial Anomalies.

Objective: To determine the accuracy of the Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ) as a screening tool for obstructive sleep apnea in children with craniofacial anomalies.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: Multidisciplinary cleft and craniofacial clinic at a tertiary care center.

Clinical Characteristics and Post-Operative Outcomes in Children with Very Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

Available information on clinical characteristics and post-operative outcomes in children with very severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is limited. Our study evaluates the clinical features and polysomnographic (PSG) variables that predict post-operative outcomes in children with an obstructive apneal hypopnea index (AHI) of more than 25 events/hr. In this study from a single tertiary care center, we performed a retrospective chart review of patients with an AHI > 25/hr, who underwent tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy (T&A) between January 2016 and September 2021.

Pediatric Mandible Fractures: Mechanism, Pattern of Injury, Fracture Characteristics, and Management by Age.

Development of the craniofacial skeleton and different mechanisms of injury warrant different treatment paradigms for younger children versus those at skeletal maturity. To characterize the mechanism, fracture patterns, and management of mandible fractures across the pediatric age spectrum. A 10-year retrospective review of <18-year-old children with mandible fractures at a level 1 trauma center.

Comparison of Oral Loading Dose to Intravenous Acetaminophen in Children for Analgesia After Tonsillectomy and Adenoidectomy: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background: Acetaminophen is a frequently used adjunct analgesic in pediatric patients undergoing tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy. We compared opioid administration following preoperative intravenous (IV) or oral acetaminophen in addition to a standard multimodal regimen to test the hypothesis that 1 loading dose approach would provide superior opioid sparing effects among pediatric surgical patients undergoing tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy.

Methods: This single-center, double-blind, double-dummy prospective randomized study was conducted in patients ages 3 to 15 years undergoing tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy with or without myringotomy and tube placement between September 2017 and July 2019.

Predicting complications of pediatric temporal bone fractures.

Objective: Our aim is to characterize complications of pediatric temporal bone fractures and identify predictive risk factors associated with fracture complications.

Methods: A retrospective review was conducted of all temporal bone fractures diagnosed in children (age less than or equal to 18 years) from a single academic institution between 2003 and 2017. Demographics, mechanism of injury, fracture characteristics, computed tomography evaluation and follow-up duration were recorded on each patient.

Eustachian tube dysfunction in children with cleft palate: A tympanometric time-to-event analysis.

Objectives: To characterize the duration of Eustachian tube dysfunction in children with cleft palate compared to those without cleft palate by performing time-to-event analysis on tympanometric data. To determine predictive characteristics of earlier achievement of normal tympanograms in children with cleft palate.

Methods: Longitudinal tympanometric data from a minimum of 10 years at a single center were reviewed for children with cleft palate born in the years 2003 through 2007.

Risk Factors Associated With Complications After Treatment of Mandible Fractures.

Importance: Complications that arise after treatment of mandible fractures can result in significant morbidity. Identifying modifiable risk factors associated with these complications is valuable in guiding clinical practice for improved patient outcomes.

Objective: To describe the risk factors associated with complications in patients undergoing treatment for mandible fracture.

Children with Cleft Palate: Predictors of Otologic Issues in the First 10 Years.

Objective: To evaluate the characteristics of children with cleft palate associated with persistent otologic issues in the first 10 years of life.

Study Design: Case series with chart review.

Setting: Single academic center.

Multidisciplinary management of oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum.

Purpose Of Review: Oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum (OAVS) is a complex disorder that is represented by wide variations in phenotypic presentation. Recent publications and systematic reviews of the available literature are presented here.

Recent Findings: Treatment strategies vary among craniofacial centers across the country.

Evaluation and management of nonsyndromic congenital hearing loss.

Purpose Of Review: Nonsyndromic congenital hearing loss represents the largest proportion of paediatric sensorineural hearing loss. The optimal evaluation and management of affected patients remains clinically challenging. Current controversies in the diagnostic work-up of nonsyndromic congenital hearing loss are presented in this review.

Complications of turbinate reduction surgery in combination with tonsillectomy in pediatric patients.

Objectives/hypothesis: To examine whether the addition of turbinoplasty to tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy (T&A) increases the risk of postoperative complications.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study of children (18 years old and younger) who underwent tonsillectomy and/or turbinoplasty between July 1, 2013 and June 30, 2015 using the 2016 Pediatric Health Information System administrative database METHODS: Patients were divided into three groups: 1) T&A and turbinoplasty, 2) T&A alone, and 3) turbinoplasty alone. Postoperative revisit, hemorrhage requiring cautery, and blood transfusion rates were compared between groups.

Characterizing mortality in pediatric tracheostomy patients.

Objectives/hypothesis: To assess the longitudinal risk of death following tracheostomy in the pediatric age group.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Methods: Hospital records of 513 children (≤18 years) at a tertiary care children's hospital who underwent tracheostomy between 1984 and 2015 were reviewed.

Congenital Anomalies of the Nose.

Congenital anomalies of the nose range from complete aplasia of the nose to duplications and nasal masses. Nasal development is the result of a complex embryologic patterning and fusion of multiple primordial structures. Loss of signaling proteins or failure of migration or proliferation can result in structural anomalies with significant cosmetic and functional consequences.

Pediatric septorhinoplasty.

In the appropriately selected patient, septorhinoplasty can benefit a pediatric patient presenting with significant nasal trauma, abscess, or mass that will likely result in a progressive deformity in the growing nose or with negative functional or psychosocial effect. Clinical and experimental observations support a conservative approach to cartilage scoring and resection in pediatric patients in which septorhinoplasty is deemed necessary.

Otogenic lateral sinus thrombosis: case series and controversies.

Objectives: The aim of this study is to (1) report the clinical presentation, treatment, and sequelae in a series of pediatric patients with otogenic lateral sinus thrombosis and (2) to review the most controversial aspects of management of this rare intracranial complication of otitis media.

Methods: Retrospective chart review of inpatients treated for central venous thrombosis at a tertiary care facility between 1996 and 2012.

Results: Five pediatric patients (four male, one female) were identified with otogenic lateral sinus thrombosis.

Pediatric tracheotomy: indications and decannulation outcomes.

Objectives/hypothesis: The objective of this study was to determine if there are differences in decannulation rates and duration of cannulation between pediatric patients undergoing tracheotomy for different indications.

Study Design: Retrospective chart review.

Methods: Medical records for pediatric patients (age 0-18 years) undergoing tracheotomy between January 1, 2003, and May 31, 2012, were retrospectively reviewed.