TARGIT-R (Retrospective): 5-Year Follow-Up Evaluation of Intraoperative Radiation Therapy (IORT) for Breast Cancer Performed in North America.

Background: Intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT) has been investigated for patients with low-risk, early-stage breast cancer. The The North American experience was evaluated by TARGIT-R (retrospective) to provide outcomes for patients treated in "real-world" clinical practice with breast IORT. This analysis presents a 5-year follow-up assessment.

TARGIT-R (Retrospective): North American Experience with Intraoperative Radiation Using Low-Kilovoltage X-Rays for Breast Cancer.

Background: Single-dose intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) is an emerging treatment for women with early stage breast cancer. The objective of this study was to define the frequency of IORT use, patient selection, and outcomes of patients treated in North America.

Methods: A multi-institutional retrospective registry was created, and 19 institutions using low-kilovoltage IORT for the treatment of breast cancer entered data on patients treated at their institution before July 31, 2013.

Mammary ductoscopy in the evaluation and treatment of pathologic nipple discharge: a Canadian experience.

Background: Mammary ductoscopy allows direct visualization of ductal epithelium using a fibreoptic microendoscope. As the first centre in Canada to apply ductoscopy to surgical practice, we report our experience with this technology.

Methods: Between 2004 and 2008, 65 women with pathologic nipple discharge underwent ductoscopy before surgical duct excision under general anesthetic.