Assessing and Improving Data Integrity in Web-Based Surveys: Comparison of Fraud Detection Systems in a COVID-19 Study.

Background: Web-based surveys increase access to study participation and improve opportunities to reach diverse populations. However, web-based surveys are vulnerable to data quality threats, including fraudulent entries from automated bots and duplicative submissions. Widely used proprietary tools to identify fraud offer little transparency about the methods used, effectiveness, or representativeness of resulting data sets.

Emergency Medicine Obstetrics and Gynecology: A Case-Based Curriculum for Residents.

Introduction: Millions of patients present to US emergency departments every year with OB/GYN concerns. Emergency medicine trainees must be adequately prepared to care for this population, regardless of how commonly they appear in the training environment. We used active learning and gamification principles in this curriculum to increase learner engagement and participation in the material.

Constructing a web-based health directory for adolescent men who have sex with men: Strategies for development and resource verification.

Online health directories are increasingly used to locate health services and community resources, providing contact and service information that assists users in identifying resources that may meet their health and wellness needs. However, service locations require additional vetting when directories plan to refer vulnerable populations. As a tool included as part of a trial of a mobile life skills intervention for cisgender adolescent men who have sex with men (AMSM; ages 13-18), we constructed and verified resources for an online resource directory focused on linking young people to LGBTQ+ friendly and affirming local health and community social services resources.

Mapping LGBTQ+ Youth Resource Density Across Four High HIV Prevalence Corridors in the US.

Introduction: Studies using geospatial data to understand LGBTQ+-friendly sexual health and wellness resource availability have often focused on services catered to adults. While HIV rates have increased in adolescents in recent years, few studies have explored disparities in resource access for adolescent gay and bisexual men (AGBMSM).

Methods: We used geospatial data of resources (collected and verified 2017-2018) from the iReach app to understand disparities in resource access for AGBMSM within and between 4 high HIV prevalence corridors in the US.

A homozygous truncating variant in GDF9 in siblings with primary ovarian insufficiency.

Premature or primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) affects approximately 1% of women and can be due to a variety of causes. Genetic causes include syndromic and non-syndromic POI. There are several promising candidate genes for whom a clear Mendelian association with non-syndromic POI has not yet been conclusively established, including GDF9.

Training Young Adult Peers in a Mobile Motivational Interviewing-Based Mentoring Approach to Upstream HIV Prevention.

Mentoring relationships are characterized by a sustained, high quality, and skill-building relationship between a protégé and mentor (Handbook of Youth Mentoring, Los Angeles, SAGE, 2014). Within prevention science, youth mentoring programs emphasize creating a specific context that benefits a young person. Program-sponsored relationships between youth and adults allow for creating a mentor-mentee partnership, but do not require the establishment of a strong bond in order to deliver prevention-focused activities and experiences (Handbook of Youth Mentoring, Los Angeles, SAGE, 2014).

Portable high-resolution automated 3D imaging for footwear and tire impression capture.

The forensic science community raised the need for improved evidence recognition, collection, and visualization analytical instrumentation for field and laboratory use. While the 3D optical techniques for imaging static objects have been extensively studied, there is still a major gap between current knowledge and collecting high-quality footwear and tire impression evidence. Among optical means for 3D imaging, digital fringe projection (DFP) techniques reconstruct 3D shape from phase information, achieving camera-pixel spatial resolution.

Penicillin Allergy Evaluation: A Prospective, Multicenter, Open-Label Evaluation of a Comprehensive Penicillin Skin Test Kit.

Background: Ten percent of the population claims an allergy to penicillin, but 90% of these individuals are not allergic. Patients labeled as penicillin-allergic have higher medical costs, longer hospital stays, are more likely to be treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics, and develop drug-resistant bacterial infections. Most penicillin skin test reagents are not approved by the Food and drug Administration or readily available to evaluate patients labeled penicillin-allergic.

Reducing HIV Vulnerability Through a Multilevel Life Skills Intervention for Adolescent Men (The iREACH Project): Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Few HIV interventions have demonstrated efficacy in reducing HIV risk among adolescent men who have sex with men (AMSM), and fewer still have recognized the unique needs of AMSM based on race/ethnicity or geographical setting. Recognizing that youths' HIV vulnerability is intricately tied to their development and social context, delivering life skills training during adolescence might delay the onset or reduce the consequences of risk factors for HIV acquisition and equip AMSM with the skills to navigate HIV prevention. This protocol describes the development and testing of iREACH, an online multilevel life skills intervention for AMSM.

Incidental Finding of an Aorto-Right Atrial Fistula in a Patient Undergoing Repair of a Sinus of Valsalva Aneurysm.

A sinus of Valsalva aneurysm is a rare malformation of the aortic root that can fistulize to another cardiac structure such as the right atrium. Although transthoracic echocardiography and computed tomography angiography have demonstrated utility for the diagnosis of a sinus of Valsalva-to-right atrial fistula, there are few cases where a misdiagnosis may occur. Intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography may be an essential imaging tool for the diagnosis and management of incidental findings such as a sinus of Valsalva-to-right atrial fistula during cardiac surgery and should be used routinely.

Longitudinal Predictors of Criminal Arrest After Traumatic Brain Injury: Results From the Traumatic Brain Injury Model System National Database.

Objective: To examine how pre-traumatic brain injury (TBI) variables and TBI-related characteristics predict post-TBI criminal arrest, using longitudinal data from the Traumatic Brain Injury Model System National Database.

Settings: Medical hospitals; rehabilitation facilities.

Participants: Participants with documented TBI and nonmissing Traumatic Brain Injury Model System data, resulting in N = 6315 at 1 year post-TBI, N = 4982 at 2 years post-TBI, and N = 2690 at 5 years post-TBI.

Proficiency of nerve conduction using standard methods and reference values (Cl. NPhys Trial 4).

Introduction: The Cl. NPhys Trial 3 showed that attributes of nerve conduction (NC) were without significant intraobserver differences, although there were significant interobserver differences.

Methods: Trial 4 tested whether use of written instructions and pretrial agreement on techniques and use of standard reference values, diagnostic percentile values, or broader categorization of abnormality could reduce significant interobserver disagreement and improve agreement among clinical neurophysiologists.

Hypoglossal nerve dysfunction and sleep-disordered breathing after stroke.

Objective: This cross-sectional study of acute ischemic stroke patients examined relationships between hypoglossal nerve conduction, sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), and its severity.

Methods: Patients within 7 days of stroke underwent nocturnal respiratory monitoring with the ApneaLink device and hypoglossal nerve conduction studies.

Results: Eighteen of 52 subjects (35% [95% confidence interval: 22%, 49%]) had an abnormal hypoglossal amplitude and 23 (44% [95% confidence interval: 30%, 59%]) had an abnormal hypoglossal latency.

Homelessness and money mismanagement in Iraq and Afghanistan veterans.

Objectives: We examined the empirical link between money mismanagement and subsequent homelessness among veterans.

Methods: We used a random sample of Iraq and Afghanistan War era veterans from the National Post-Deployment Adjustment Survey in 2009-2011.

Results: Veterans were randomly selected from a roster of all US military service members in Operation Iraqi Freedom or Operation Enduring Freedom who were separated from active duty or in the Reserves/National Guard.

A trial of proficiency of nerve conduction: greater standardization still needed.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to test the proficiency (accuracy among evaluators) of measured attributes of nerve conduction (NC).

Methods: Expert clinical neurophysiologists, without instruction or consensus development, from 4 different medical centers, independently assessed 8 attributes of NC in 24 patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) on consecutive days.

Results: No significant intraobserver differences between days 1 and 2 were found, but significant interobserver differences were seen.

SPontaneous Oscillatory Contraction (SPOC): auto-oscillations observed in striated muscle at partial activation.

Striated muscle is well known to exist in either of two states-contraction or relaxation-under the regulation of Ca concentration. Described here is a less well-known third, intermediate state induced under conditions of partial activation, known as SPOC (SPontaneous Oscillatory Contraction). This state is characterised by auto-oscillation between rapid-lengthening and slow-shortening phases.

Hypoglossal nerve conduction findings in obstructive sleep apnea.

Denervation of oropharyngeal muscles in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has been suggested by needle electromyography (EMG) and muscle biopsy, but little is known about oropharyngeal nerve conduction abnormalities in OSA. We sought to compare hypoglossal nerve conduction studies in patients with and without OSA. Unilateral hypoglossal nerve conduction studies were performed on 20 subjects with OSA and 20 age-matched controls using standard techniques.