Comparison of definitions of early knee osteoarthritis for likelihood of progression at 2-year and 5-year follow-up: the Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study.

Background: Preventing worsening osteoarthritis (OA) in persons with early OA is a major treatment goal. We evaluated if different early OA definitions yielded enough cases of worsening OA within 2-5 years to make trial testing treatments feasible.

Methods: We assessed different definitions of early OA using data from Multicenter Osteoarthritis (MOST) Study participants who were followed up longitudinally.

Intra-Articular Mineralization on Computerized Tomography of the Knee and Risk of Cartilage Damage: The Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study.

Objective: Intra-articular (IA) mineralization may contribute to osteoarthritis (OA) structural progression. We studied the association of IA mineralization on knee computed tomography (CT) with cartilage damage worsening on knee magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), with a focus on location- and tissue-specific effects.

Methods: Participants from the Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study with knee CT and MRI scans were included.

Assessing the association of epigenetic age acceleration with osteoarthritis in the Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study (MOST).

Purpose: Advancing age is one of the strongest risk factors for osteoarthritis (OA). DNA methylation-based measures of epigenetic age acceleration may provide insights into mechanisms underlying OA.

Methods: We analyzed data from the Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study in a subset of 671 participants ages 45-69 years with no or mild radiographic knee OA.

Essential Fatty Acids and Osteoarthritis.

Objective: Inflammation worsens joint destruction in osteoarthritis (OA) and aggravates pain. Although n-3 fatty acids reduce inflammation, different n-3 fatty acids have different effects on inflammation and clinical outcomes, with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) having the strongest effect. We examined whether specific essential fatty acid levels affected the development of OA.

Optimal Design of Clinical Trials Involving Persons with Disorders of Consciousness.

Background: Limited data exist regarding the optimal clinical trial design for studies involving persons with disorders of consciousness (DoC), and only a few therapies have been tested in high-quality clinical trials. To address this, the Curing Coma Campaign Clinical Trial Working Group performed a gap analysis on the current state of clinical trials in DoC to identify the optimal clinical design for studies involving persons with DoC.

Methods: The Curing Coma Campaign Clinical Trial Working Group was divided into three subgroups to (1) review clinical trials involving persons with DoC, (2) identify unique challenges in the design of clinical trials involving persons with DoC, and (3) recommend optimal clinical trial designs for DoC.

Dietary omega-6/omega-3 fatty acids and risk of prostate cancer; Is there any potential interaction by organophosphate insecticides among the agricultural health study population.

Background: In the United States (US), the average annual increase in the incidence of prostate cancer (PCa) has been 0.5% between 2013 and 2017. Although some modifiable factors have been identified as the risk factors for PCa, the effect of lower ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids intake (N-6/N-3) remains unknown.

Relation of Intra-Articular Mineralization to Knee Pain in Knee Osteoarthritis: A Longitudinal Analysis in the MOST Study.

Objective: Intra-articular (IA) calcium crystal deposition is common in knee osteoarthritis (OA), but of unclear significance. It is possible that low-grade, crystal-related inflammation may contribute to knee pain. We examined the longitudinal relation of computed tomography (CT)-detected IA mineralization to the development of knee pain.

Surgical stabilization of critical abdominal injuries in a mature rural trauma system: A retrospective study.

Background: Worse outcomes following injuries are more likely in rural versus urban areas. In 2001, our state established an inclusive trauma system to improve mortality. In 2015, the trauma system had a consultation visit from the American College of Surgeons' Committee on Trauma, who made several recommendations.

Development of a Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Based Definition of Knee Osteoarthritis: Data From the Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study.

Objective: Although magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the imaging modality of choice for research, there is no widely accepted MRI definition of knee osteoarthritis (OA). We undertook this study to test the performance of different MRI definitions of OA.

Methods: We studied Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study participants with knee symptoms using posteroanterior and lateral knee radiographs and MRIs.

Do associations with hand OA vary by knee osteoarthritis phenotype? Cross-sectional data from the Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study.

Objective: Osteoarthritis (OA) is highly heterogeneous and has both biomechanical and systemic components that may not have the same etiology. We therefore aimed to identify specific knee OA phenotypes that may be more strongly associated with hand OA to refine the criteria used to define multi-joint OA.

Design: We assessed data from the Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study (MOST).

Online Screening and Personalized Education to Identify Post-Deployment Mental Health Need and Facilitate Access to Care.

Introduction: Reserve and National Guard (RNG) service members face increased risks for psychological and behavioral problems and are unlikely to seek mental health (MH) care after returning from military deployments. This article examines an online intervention (Web-Ed) with regard to participation, screening results, satisfaction, and intent to seek follow-up MH care, with comparisons by gender and post-deployment MH care receipt.

Materials And Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 414 RNG service members (214 women and 200 men), who returned from deployments to or in support of the Iraq or Afghanistan wars within the prior 36 months.

Relation of Temporal Asymmetry During Walking to Two-Year Knee Pain Outcomes in Those With Mild-to-Moderate Unilateral Knee Pain: An Exploratory Analysis From the Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study.

Objective: We aimed to explore the cross-sectional relation of unilateral knee pain severity and temporal asymmetry during walking and to determine relations of temporal asymmetry during walking to 2-year changes in ipsilateral and contralateral knee pain in those with mild-to-moderate unilateral knee pain.

Methods: The Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study is a prospective cohort study of adults with or at risk for knee osteoarthritis. The current study included participants with unilateral knee pain.

3D aneurysm wall enhancement is associated with symptomatic presentation.

Background: Aneurysm wall enhancement (AWE) is a potential surrogate biomarker for aneurysm instability. Previous studies have assessed AWE using 2D multiplanar methods, most of which were conducted qualitatively.

Objective: To use a new quantitative tool to analyze a large cohort of saccular aneurysms with 3D-AWE maps METHODS: Saccular aneurysms were imaged prospectively with 3T high resolution MRI.

Association between history of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder diagnosis and cardiovascular disease in U.S. adults.

Objective: To examine the association between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in a nationally representative population sample of adults in the United States.

Method: We included adults aged 18 years or older who participated in the National Health Interview Survey 2007 and 2012, because information about ADHD diagnosis among adults was only available in these two cycles. Physician-diagnosed ADHD and CVD were defined based on an affirmative response in the questionnaire during a household interview.

Computed Tomography-Based Stiffness Measures of Trabecular Bone Microstructure: Cadaveric Validation and In Vivo Application.

Osteoporosis causes bone fragility and elevates fracture risk. Applications of finite element (FE) analysis (FEA) for assessment of trabecular bone (Tb) microstructural strength at whole-body computed tomography (CT) imaging are limited due to challenges with Tb microstructural segmentation. We present a nonlinear FEA method for distal tibia CT scans evading binary segmentation of Tb microstructure, while accounting for bone microstructural distribution.

Days of Flooding Associated with Increased Risk of Influenza.

Influenza typically causes mild infection but can lead to severe outcomes for those with compromised lung health. Flooding, a seasonal problem in Iowa, can expose many Iowans to molds and allergens shown to alter lung inflammation, leading to asthma attacks and decreased viral clearance. Based on this, the hypothesis for this research was that there would be geographically specific positive associations in locations with flooding with influenza diagnosis.

Restricting Branched-Chain Amino Acids within a High-Fat Diet Prevents Obesity.

Obesity is a global pandemic, but there is yet no effective measure to control it. Recent metabolomics studies have identified a signature of altered amino acid profiles to be associated with obesity, but it is unclear whether these findings have actionable clinical potential. The aims of this study were to reveal the metabolic alterations of obesity and to explore potential strategies to mitigate obesity.

Complications and outcomes of posterior fossa decompression with duraplasty versus without duraplasty for pediatric patients with Chiari malformation type I and syringomyelia: a study from the Park-Reeves Syringomyelia Research Consortium.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine differences in complications and outcomes between posterior fossa decompression with duraplasty (PFDD) and without duraplasty (PFD) for the treatment of pediatric Chiari malformation type I (CM1) and syringomyelia (SM).

Methods: The authors used retrospective and prospective components of the Park-Reeves Syringomyelia Research Consortium database to identify pediatric patients with CM1-SM who received PFD or PFDD and had at least 1 year of follow-up data. Preoperative, treatment, and postoperative characteristics were recorded and compared between groups.

Inclusion of environmentally themed search terms improves Elastic net regression nowcasts of regional Lyme disease rates.

Lyme disease is the most widely reported vector-borne disease in the United States. 95% of confirmed human cases are reported in the Northeast and upper Midwest (25,778 total confirmed cases from Northeast and upper Midwest / 27,203 total US confirmed cases). Human cases typically occur in the spring and summer months when an infected nymph Ixodid tick takes a blood meal.

Experiencing Sexual Assault and/or Stalking-Related Behavior is Associated with Binge Drinking and Substance Use Consequences in Deployed U.S. Servicewomen.

Background: Being deployed is a risk factor for poor postdeployment mental health outcomes in U.S. servicewomen, including harmful drinking.

Socioeconomic and demographic factors in the diagnosis and treatment of Chiari malformation type I and syringomyelia.

Objective: The goal of this study was to assess the social determinants that influence access and outcomes for pediatric neurosurgical care for patients with Chiari malformation type I (CM-I) and syringomyelia (SM).

Methods: The authors used retro- and prospective components of the Park-Reeves Syringomyelia Research Consortium database to identify pediatric patients with CM-I and SM who received surgical treatment and had at least 1 year of follow-up data. Race, ethnicity, and insurance status were used as comparators for preoperative, treatment, and postoperative characteristics and outcomes.

Progression of Knee Osteoarthritis With Use of Intraarticular Glucocorticoids Versus Hyaluronic Acid.

Objective: To determine whether intraarticular glucocorticoid (GC) injections are associated with increased knee osteoarthritis (OA) progression compared to hyaluronic acid (HA) injections, which have been reported to delay OA progression and knee replacement.

Methods: We identified participants from 2 large cohort studies, the Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI) and the Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study. Study visits were performed at regular intervals and included questionnaires about intraarticular GC or HA injection use in the previous 6 months and incident total knee replacement (TKR).

Cross-sectional and longitudinal reliability of semiquantitative osteoarthritis assessment at 1.0T extremity MRI: Multi-reader data from the MOST study.

Objective: To determine reliability among four experienced and calibrated readers in cross-sectional and longitudinal semi-quantitative MRI assessments of knee osteoarthritis (OA) in the Multicenter Osteoarthritis (MOST) study.

Design: From all MOST participants with at least one knee with readable 60-month and 84-month paired knee MRIs (1.0 ​T extremity systems), we selected 10 subjects having a spectrum of baseline disease severity of cartilage, bone marrow lesions, and meniscal damage and a spectrum of longitudinal changes in severity at 24 months follow-up.

Postoperative cognitive dysfunction after endovascular treatments for unruptured intracranial aneurysms: A pilot study.

Objective: Post operative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) has been widely observed after major surgery, particularly in elderly patients with general anesthesia (GA). However, a specific unanswered question is whether different approaches to anesthetic managements are associated with different cognitive outcomes after endovascular treatments for unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs). The purpose of this study is to assess the correlation of POCD with GA versus monitored anesthesia care (MAC).