Gabapentin Premedication to Reduce Postoperative Pain for Pediatric Tonsillectomy/Adenoidectomy: A Pilot Study.

Purpose: To examine the effects of preoperative gabapentin administration on postoperative pain in pediatric patients undergoing tonsillectomy/adenoidectomy (T/A) in a single ambulatory surgery location within a pediatric healthcare organization.

Design: This randomized, controlled pilot study enrolled patients age 3-18 years with American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) scores of I-II undergoing T/A.

Methods: Both gabapentin and placebo groups were given study medication preoperatively and received standard opiate regimens intraoperatively and postoperative pain instructions.

Segmental deficiency of cervical tracheal rings masquerading as complete tracheal rings: A case report and literature review.

Congenital deficiency of distal tracheal rings is a rare anomaly and has been previously reported in the literature. Here we report the first case deficient tracheal rings confined to the cervical trachea. Patient was transferred to our institution for management of what was initial thought to be complete tracheal rings.

Endoscopic posterior cricoid split and costal cartilage graft placement in children.

Objectives: To review a multi-institutional experience using endoscopic posterior cricoid split and costal cartilage graft (EPCSCG) placement in the management of pediatric bilateral vocal fold immobility (BVFI), posterior glottic stenosis (PGS), and subglottic stenosis (SGS).

Design: Case series with chart review.

Setting: Tertiary medical centers.

SLC26A4 genotype, but not cochlear radiologic structure, is correlated with hearing loss in ears with an enlarged vestibular aqueduct.

Objectives/hypothesis: Identify correlations among SLC26A4 genotype, cochlear structural anomalies, and hearing loss associated with enlargement of the vestibular aqueduct (EVA).

Study Design: Prospective cohort survey, National Institutes of Health, Clinical Center, a federal biomedical research facility.

Methods: Eighty-three individuals, 11 months to 59 years of age, with EVA in at least one ear were studied.

Hypo-functional SLC26A4 variants associated with nonsyndromic hearing loss and enlargement of the vestibular aqueduct: genotype-phenotype correlation or coincidental polymorphisms?

Hearing loss with enlargement of the vestibular aqueduct (EVA) can be associated with mutations of the SLC26A4 gene encoding pendrin, a transmembrane Cl(-)/I(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchanger. Pendrin's critical transport substrates are thought to be I(-) in the thyroid gland and HCO(3)(-) in the inner ear. We previously reported that bi-allelic SLC26A4 mutations are associated with Pendred syndromic EVA whereas one or zero mutant alleles are associated with nonsyndromic EVA.

Adjuvant therapies in children undergoing adenotonsillectomy.

Objective: To review adjuvant therapies used in children undergoing adenotonsillectomy, addressing several areas of controversy.

Study Design: Review.

Methods: Studies of perioperative injection of local anesthetic agents, postoperative use of antibiotics, perioperative use of intravenously administered steroids, and pain management in adenotonsillectomy were reviewed.