Mechanisms of cognitive impairment in temporal lobe epilepsy: A systematic review of resting-state functional connectivity studies.

Temporal lobe epilepsy is the most common form of focal epilepsy and related cognitive dysfunction impacts significantly on quality of life in patients. Identifying the mechanisms of such impairment would assist in the management and treatment of patients. The study of perturbations in resting-state networks could shed light on this subject.

Relationship Between EEG Electrode and Functional Cortex in the International 10 to 20 System.

Introduction: In this study, we attempted to define the variability in the anatomical relationship between scalp EEG electrodes and eloquent cortical function, as inferred from fMRI.

Methods: MRI-compatible fiducial markers were positioned at locations of CZ, C3 and C4, T3 and T4, and F7 and F8 in 10 healthy subjects. Well-validated fMRI paradigms were administered to activate primary motor cortex and language regions, and the distance between these brain regions and fiducial markers was measured.

Quality of life one year after epilepsy surgery.

Background: The aim of surgery for medically intractable epilepsy was to achieve seizure freedom and improve overall quality of life (QOL) in patients. This investigation looked at changes in QOL one year after epilepsy surgery and the relationship of changes to mood, language, and seizure outcomes.

Method: Depressive symptoms, QOL, and naming were measured in 25 patients with temporal lobe epilepsy before and one year after dominant temporal lobe resection.

Left or right? Lateralizing temporal lobe epilepsy by dynamic amygdala fMRI.

Objectives: In this case series, the findings of 85 functional MRI studies employing a dynamic fearful face paradigm are reported. Previous findings have shown the paradigm to generate bilateral amygdala activations in healthy subjects and unilateral activations in patients with MTLE, in the contralateral hemisphere to seizure origin. Such findings suggest ipsilateral limbic pathology and offer collateral evidence in lateralizing MTLE.

Functional Mapping in Pediatric Epilepsy Surgical Candidates: Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Under Sedation With Chloral Hydrate.

Objectives: Functional magnetic resonance imaging is a useful tool to lateralize and localize language in presurgical patients, as well as to localize other functionally salient cortex. The procedure is typically reserved for older children and adults, since it necessitates cooperation and participation in tasks. We have explored the applicability of functional magnetic resonance imaging for language and motor mapping at our epilepsy surgical center in younger children under sedation with chloral hydrate.

Functional MRI language mapping in pre-surgical epilepsy patients: findings from a series of patients in the Epilepsy Unit at Mediclinic Constantiaberg.

Background: Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is commonly applied to study the neural substrates of language in clinical research and for neurosurgical planning. fMRI language mapping is used to assess language lateralisation, or determine hemispheric dominance, and to localise regions of the brain involved in language. Routine fMRI has been introduced in the Epilepsy Unit at Mediclinic Constantiaberg to contribute to the current functional mapping procedures used in pre-surgical planning.