Differentiation Trajectory of Limbal Stem and Progenitor Cells under Normal Homeostasis and upon Corneal Wounding.

Limbal stem cells (LSCs) reside discretely at limbus surrounded by niche cells and progenitor cells. The aim of this study is to identify the heterogeneous cell populations at limbus under normal homeostasis and upon wounding using single-cell RNA sequencing in a mouse model. Two putative LSC types were identified which showed a differentiation trajectory into limbal progenitor cell (LPC) types under normal homeostasis and during wound healing.

Genomic Analysis of Germline Variation Associated with Survival of Patients with Colorectal Cancer Treated with Chemotherapy Plus Biologics in CALGB/SWOG 80405 (Alliance).

Purpose: Irinotecan/5-fluorouracil (5-FU; FOLFIRI) or oxaliplatin/5-FU (FOLFOX), combined with bevacizumab or cetuximab, are approved, first-line treatments for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). We aimed at identifying germline variants associated with survival in patients with mCRC treated with these regimens in Cancer and Leukemia Group B/SWOG 80405.

Experimental Design: Patients with mCRC receiving either FOLFOX or FOLFIRI were randomized to either cetuximab or bevacizumab.

Intrinsic molecular subtypes of breast cancers categorized as HER2-positive using an alternative chromosome 17 probe assay.

The 2013 update of the American Society of Clinical Oncology-College of American Pathologists (ASCO-CAP) human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) testing guidelines recommend using an alternative chromosome 17 probe assay to resolve HER2 results determined to be equivocal by immunohistochemistry (IHC) or fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH). However, it is unclear if cases considered HER2-positive (HER2) by the alternative probe method are similar to those classified as HER2 by traditional IHC and FISH criteria and benefit the same from HER2-targeted therapies. We studied the clinical and pathologic features of all 31 breast cancers classified as HER2 by the alternative probe method at our institution since 2013 and determined their PAM50 intrinsic molecular subtypes.

Exceptional Chemotherapy Response in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Associated With Hyper-Indel-Hypermutated Cancer Genome and Comutation of and .

Purpose: A73-year-old woman with metastatic colon cancer experienced a complete response to chemotherapy with dose-intensified irinotecan that has been durable for 5 years. We sequenced her tumor and germ line DNA and looked for similar patterns in publicly available genomic data from patients with colorectal cancer.

Patients And Methods: Tumor DNA was obtained from a biopsy before therapy, and germ line DNA was obtained from blood.

Genomic-derived markers for early detection of calcineurin inhibitor immunosuppressant-mediated nephrotoxicity.

Calcineurin inhibitor (CI) therapy has been associated with chronic nephrotoxicity, which limits its long-term utility for suppression of allograft rejection. In order to understand the mechanisms of the toxicity, we analyzed gene expression changes that underlie the development of CI immunosuppressant-mediated nephrotoxicity in male Sprague-Dawley rats dosed daily with cyclosporine (CsA; 2.5 or 25 mg/kg/day), FK506 (0.

Amplification of thymidylate synthetase in metastatic colorectal cancer patients pretreated with 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy.

Resistance to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) represents a major contributor to cancer-related mortality in advanced colorectal cancer patients. Genetic variations and expression alterations in genes involved in 5-FU metabolism and effect have been shown to modulate 5-FU sensitivity in vitro, however these alterations do not fully explain clinical resistance to 5-FU-based chemotherapy. To determine if alterations of DNA copy number in genes involved in 5-FU metabolism-impacted clinical resistance to 5-FU-based chemotherapy, we assessed thymidylate synthetase (TYMS) and thymidine phosphorylase (TYMP) copy number in colorectal liver metastases.

Colorectal cancer cell lines lack the molecular heterogeneity of clinical colorectal tumors.

Background: Histologically similar colorectal cancers (CRCs) exhibit a wide range of outcomes, suggesting that knowledge of the molecular differences might provide insight into this heterogeneity. Cancer cell lines have been used in preclinical studies to identify gene expression alterations that influence response to chemotherapeutic agents. However, it is not clear to what extent available CRC cell lines reflect the molecular heterogeneity observed in clinical colorectal tumors.

Celecoxib pre-treatment in human colorectal adenocarcinoma patients is associated with gene expression alterations suggestive of diminished cellular proliferation.

Cancer cells treated with the cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor celecoxib show growth inhibition and induced apoptosis. This study was conducted to determine if the same processes are relevant to celecoxib's effects on human colorectal adenocarcinomas treated in vivo. A cohort of 23 patients with primary colorectal adenocarcinomas was randomised to receive a 7-d course of celecoxib (400mg b.